BIOcean5D Marine biodiversity assessment and prediction across spatial, temporal and human scales

海洋生物多样性维持着地球和人类健康的生态系统服务。最近对海洋生态系统的调查揭示了我们对海洋生物的丰富性和功能的无知，在人类世中，海洋生物的变化速度比陆地生物更快。BIOcean5D联合了欧洲主要的分子/细胞生物学（EMBL）、海洋生物学（EMBRC）和测序（Genoscope）中心，与来自11个国家的26个合作伙伴一起，建立了一套独特的技术、协议和模型，允许从病毒到哺乳动物，从基因组到全息生物，跨越从工业化前到今天的多个时空尺度，对海洋生物多样性进行全面的重新探索。重点了解泛欧生物多样性陆海梯度和生态系统服务，包括海洋暴露，特别是考察（TREC, 2023/24），将部署移动实验室，包括塔拉纵帆船在内的研究船和创新的公民科学工具，跨越21个沿海国家和35个海洋实验室，从地中海到北极海域。新数据将与现有数据协调，形成一个开放获取的数据中心，利用国际基础设施，并在社会生态系统层面产生变革性的、跨技术/跨尺度的标准海洋生物多样性知识。知识将为以下方面提供信息和约束：(1)在分类学和功能尺度上研究海洋生物多样性生态和进化动力学和驱动因素的新理论和模型；(2)海洋生态系统健康的一系列新的整体指标；(3)综合海洋生物的动态和功能复杂性，对海洋生物多样性和服务进行经济和法律评估的创新方法和协议。BIOcean5D将创造一个独特的机会，将分子/亚细胞生物学与有机生物学、理论生态学和计量经济学、海洋复杂系统与社会科学联系起来，以实现海洋的可持续保护。

Marine biodiversity sustains ecosystem services for planetary and human health. Recent surveys of marine ecosystems have unveiled our ignorance of the richness and functioning of marine life, which is changing in the Anthropocene at a faster pace than terrestrial life. BIOcean5D unites major European centers in molecular/cell biology (EMBL), marine biology (EMBRC), and sequencing (Genoscope), together with 26 partnersfrom 11 countries, to build a unique suite of technologies, protocols, and models allowing holistic re-exploration of marine biodiversity, from virusesto mammals, from genomesto holobionts, across multiple spatial and temporalscalesstretching from pre-industrial to today. A focusisto understand pan-European biodiversity land-to-sea gradients and ecosystem services, including marine exposomes, notably with an expedition (TREC, 2023/24) that will deploy mobile labs, research vessels including the Tara schooner, and innovative citizen science tools, across 21 coastal countries and 35 marine labs from the Mediterranean to Arctic seas. New data will be harmonized with existing data into an open-access data hub, leveraging international infrastructures, and generating transformative, cross technologies/cross-scales standard marine biodiversity knowledge at the socio-ecosystem level. Knowledge will inform and constrain (i) new theories and models of marine biodiversity ecological and evolutionary dynamics and drivers, at both taxonomic and functional scales, (ii) a portfolio of novel holistic indicators of marine ecosystem health, (iii) innovative methods and protocols for economic and legal valuations of marine biodiversity and services integrating the dynamical and functional complexity of marine life. BIOcean5D will create a unique opportunity to bridge molecular/subcellular biology to organismal biology, theoretical ecology and econometrics, and marine complex systems to social sciences, toward the sustainable preservation of our oceans and seas.