BIOcean5D Marine biodiversity assessment and prediction across spatial, temporal and human scales

海洋生物多样性维持着生态系统为地球和人类健康提供的服务。最近对海洋生态系统的调查揭示了我们对海洋生物的丰富性和功能的无知，海洋生物在人类世的变化速度比陆地生物快。BIOcean 5D联合了欧洲主要的分子/细胞生物学（EMBL）、海洋生物学（EMBRC）和测序（Genoscope）中心，以及来自11个国家的26个合作伙伴，建立了一套独特的技术、协议和模型，允许对海洋生物多样性进行全面的再探索，从病毒到哺乳动物，从基因组到完整生物，跨越从工业化前到今天的多个空间和时间尺度。重点是了解泛欧生物多样性陆地到海洋的梯度和生态系统服务，包括海洋生态系统，特别是通过考察（TREC，2023/24），将部署移动的实验室，包括塔拉纵帆船在内的研究船，以及创新的公民科学工具，从地中海到北冰洋的21个沿海国家和35个海洋实验室。新数据将与现有数据统一，纳入一个开放式数据中心，利用国际基础设施，并在社会生态系统一级生成变革性的、跨技术/跨尺度的标准海洋生物多样性知识。知识将为以下方面提供信息和约束：㈠在分类和功能两个层面上，关于海洋生物多样性生态和进化动态及驱动因素的新理论和模型; ㈡海洋生态系统健康的一系列新的综合指标; ㈢对海洋生物多样性和服务进行经济和法律的估值的创新方法和规程，其中纳入海洋生物的动态和功能复杂性。BIOcean 5D将创造一个独特的机会，将分子/亚细胞生物学与有机体生物学、理论生态学和计量经济学以及海洋复杂系统与社会科学联系起来，以实现海洋的可持续保护。

Marine biodiversity sustains ecosystem services for planetary and human health. Recent surveys of marine ecosystems have unveiled our ignorance of the richness and functioning of marine life, which is changing in the Anthropocene at a faster pace than terrestrial life. BIOcean5D unites major European centers in molecular/cell biology (EMBL), marine biology (EMBRC), and sequencing (Genoscope), together with 26 partnersfrom 11 countries, to build a unique suite of technologies, protocols, and models allowing holistic re-exploration of marine biodiversity, from virusesto mammals, from genomesto holobionts, across multiple spatial and temporalscalesstretching from pre-industrial to today. A focusisto understand pan-European biodiversity land-to-sea gradients and ecosystem services, including marine exposomes, notably with an expedition (TREC, 2023/24) that will deploy mobile labs, research vessels including the Tara schooner, and innovative citizen science tools, across 21 coastal countries and 35 marine labs from the Mediterranean to Arctic seas. New data will be harmonized with existing data into an open-access data hub, leveraging international infrastructures, and generating transformative, cross technologies/cross-scales standard marine biodiversity knowledge at the socio-ecosystem level. Knowledge will inform and constrain (i) new theories and models of marine biodiversity ecological and evolutionary dynamics and drivers, at both taxonomic and functional scales, (ii) a portfolio of novel holistic indicators of marine ecosystem health, (iii) innovative methods and protocols for economic and legal valuations of marine biodiversity and services integrating the dynamical and functional complexity of marine life. BIOcean5D will create a unique opportunity to bridge molecular/subcellular biology to organismal biology, theoretical ecology and econometrics, and marine complex systems to social sciences, toward the sustainable preservation of our oceans and seas.