Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from client-owned pets and their raw meat-based diets

项目摘要/摘要 从客户拥有的宠物中发现的耐药性细菌及其 生肉为主的饮食 生肉饮食的倡导者声称对狗有各种健康益处，而 声称的好处已经得到验证，生肉饲养动物的主人站在一边 他们的信念（1-4）。相比之下，美国食品和药物管理局进行的一项为期两年的研究表明， 美国政府发现，生宠物食品比其他类型的宠物食品更容易携带 细菌，包括沙门氏菌和单核细胞增生李斯特菌（5）。FDA发布了一 关于生宠物食品饮食风险的公共卫生警告， 动物医院协会和美国兽医协会正式 建议不要给狗喂食生肉。 许多研究已经证实了与生食饮食（RFD）相关的问题， 但是没有一个确定耐药细菌的流行率（6-8）。解决 对于这个问题，将从喂食RFD的动物中采集粪便标本。样本将 也可以从商业饮食的动物中收集，但也接受抗生素， 其他人认为抗生素初治。调查的重点将是多药耐药 包括万古霉素耐药肠球菌（VRE）、产碳青霉烯酶的细菌 细菌和粘菌素耐药肠杆菌科，但随机肠道分离株将 选择用于测试抗菌素耐药性。 粪便样本将在Cary-Blair培养基中提交，并接种到亚胺培南上 含有麦康凯琼脂以选择碳青霉烯类耐药菌。露西·巴尔德 将使用Jean Marc Rolain培养基选择粘菌素耐药菌和VRE （九）、常规生化检测，包括Vitek 2革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阳性 阴性ID卡（BioMerieux）将用于细菌鉴定（10）。 将通过微量肉汤稀释（Sensititre 自动化系统; Trek Diagnostics，韦斯特莱克，OH，USA），并将包括 国家抗菌药物监测系统中使用的抗菌药物。分离株 ESBL阳性将接受超广谱β内酰胺酶的多重qPCR检测 blaTEM、blaSHV、blaCTX-M和blaCMY-2和测序以确定变体 (11，12）。多重qPCR平台将用于检查质粒介导的 粘菌素耐药基因：mcr-1至mcr-9和泰特（M）、泰特（L）、cat、cmlA， 对四环素类和酚类的耐药性（13，14）。

Project Abstract/Summary Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from client-owned pets and their raw meat-based diets Advocates of raw‐meat diets claim various health benefits for dogs, and while none of the purported benefits have been validated, owners of raw meat‐fed animals stand by their convictions (1-4). In contrast, a 2-year study conducted by the US Food and Drug Administration found that raw pet food is more likely than other types of pet food to carry bacteria, including Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes (5). The FDA issued a public health warning about the risks of raw pet food diets and both the American Animal Hospital Association and the American Veterinary Medical Association officially recommend against feeding raw meat-based diets to dogs. Numerous studies have validated the concerns associated with raw food diets (RFD), but none has determined the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria (6-8). To address this question, fecal specimens will be collected from animals fed a RFD. Samples will also be collected from animals on a commercial diet, but also receiving antibiotics and others considered antibiotic naïve. The survey focus will be on multidrug resistant bacteria including vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenemase-producing bacteria and colistin resistant Enterobacteriaceae, but random enteric isolates will be selected for testing for antimicrobial resistance. Fecal samples will be submitted in Cary-Blair medium and inoculated onto imipenem containing MacConkey agar to select for carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Lucie Bardet- Jean Marc Rolain media will be utilized to select for colistin-resistant bacteria and VRE (9). Conventional biochemical testing including the Vitek 2 Gram-positive and Gram- negative ID cards (BioMerieux) will be utilized for bacterial identifications (10). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles will be determined by micro broth dilution (Sensititre® automated system; Trek Diagnostics, Westlake, OH, USA) and will include antimicrobials utilized in the National Antimicrobial Monitoring System. Isolates that are ESBL positive will undergo multiplex qPCR for the extended spectrum beta lactamases blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M and blaCMY-2 and sequencing to determine the variant (11, 12). Multiplex qPCR platforms will be utilized to examine for plasmid mediated colistin resistance genes: mcr-1 to-mcr-9 and tet (M), tet (L), cat, cmlA which confer resistance to the tetracyclines and phenicols (13, 14).