Evolutionary Genetics of Animal Development

动物发育的进化遗传学

• 批准号: 10206749
• 负责人: Matthew Rockman
• 金额: $ 37.39万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10206749
• 关键词: Address; Animal Genetics; Animal Model; Animals; Automobile Driving; Biological Models; Biology; Caenorhabditis; Caenorhabditis elegans; Characteristics; Detection; Development; Developmental Gene; Developmental Process; Dissection; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Evolution; Exhibits; Experimental Models; Gene Expression; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Epistasis; Genome; Goals; Heritability; Individual; Life; Maintenance; Measurement; Molecular; Mothers; Nematoda; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Phenotype; Play; Population; Population Genetics; Property; Quantitative Genetics; Regulation; Research; Resolution; Resources; Role; Self-Fertilizations; Shapes; System; Testing; Variant; Work; developmental genetics; egg; experience; experimental study; genetic analysis; genetic architecture; genetic pedigree; genetic variant; offspring; pleiotropism; prevent; trait; transmission process; zygote

PROJECT SUMMARY Genes play two different roles in biology, giving shape to phenotypes through developmental processes within individuals, and transmitting traits across generations through Mendelian inheritance. Evolutionary developmental geneticists work at the intersection of these roles, asking how the mechanisms that operate within individuals influence the origin, maintenance, and fate of phenotypic variation in populations. Pleiotropy, dominance, epistasis, polygeny, and linkage are some of the phenomena that unite developmental and population genetics. One further class of phenomenon – early embryonic development – also bridges this divide, involving molecular and cellular contributions from the embryo's own zygotic genome but also from the substance of the egg, a product of its mother's genome. This dual regulation by two genomes creates distinctive transmission genetics properties for early development, properties that alter predictions about patterns of variation and divergence. To better understand how maternal and zygotic genetic effects and their interactions shape variation and evolution of development, this project sets as its goal the characterization of genetic architectures of embryogenesis in multiple experimental model systems, each with unique complementary features. One line of research focuses on Caenorhabditis nematodes, a longstanding experimental model for developmental genetics. Building on the lab's extensive resources for quantitative genetic analysis in these animals, the project will use controlled experimental crosses to reveal genetic variants that act either in the mother's genome or in that of her offspring to influence developmental gene expression. The project will use two experimental panels of C. elegans, one that maximizes detection power and one that maximizes mapping resolution. To address questions about the role of mating system in maternal-zygotic coevolution, the project will also use an experimental panel of C. becei, a closely related species that exhibits obligate outcrossing in contrast to the self-fertilization that characterizes C. elegans. A second line of research focuses on variation in embryonic development an annelid model system, Streblospio benedicti. This species is unique in exhibiting both direct and indirect development as heritable variation, with the alternative modes representing adaptive strategies to different environmental conditions. This system provides a directional selection counterpart to the stabilizing selection that Caenorhabditis embryogenesis experiences. Measurements of embryonic gene expression in a large S. benedicti pedigree will facilitate genetic dissection of both maternal and zygotic contributions to development and tests of the role of maternal-zygotic genetic interactions in driving or preventing adaptive evolution.

项目概要 基因在生物学中发挥两种不同的作用，通过发育过程形成表型 个体内部，并通过孟德尔遗传将特征代代相传。进化论 发育遗传学家在这些角色的交叉点上工作，询问运作机制如何 个体内部影响群体表型变异的起源、维持和命运。 多效性、显性、上位性、多基因性和连锁是将发育结合起来的一些现象 和群体遗传学。另一类现象——早期胚胎发育——也弥补了这一点 分裂，涉及来自胚胎自身合子基因组的分子和细胞贡献，也涉及来自胚胎自身合子基因组的分子和细胞贡献 鸡蛋的物质，是其母亲基因组的产物。两个基因组的双重调控创造了 早期发育的独特传递遗传学特性，改变预测的特性 变异和分歧的模式。 为了更好地了解母体和合子遗传效应及其相互作用如何塑造变异和 发展的演变，该项目将遗传结构的表征作为其目标 多个实验模型系统中的胚胎发生，每个系统都具有独特的互补特征。 其中一项研究重点是线虫，这是一种长期存在的实验模型 发育遗传学。利用实验室丰富的资源进行定量遗传分析 动物，该项目将使用受控实验杂交来揭示在 母亲或其后代的基因组，以影响发育基因表达。该项目将使用 两个线虫实验组，一个最大化检测能力，另一个最大化映射 解决。为了解决有关交配系统在母合子协同进化中的作用的问题，该项目 还将使用 C. becei 的实验组，这是一种密切相关的物种，在 与秀丽隐杆线虫的自体受精形成鲜明对比。 第二个研究重点是环节动物模型系统 Streblospio 胚胎发育的变异 本尼迪克蒂。该物种的独特之处在于表现出直接和间接发育作为遗传变异， 替代模式代表对不同环境条件的适应性策略。这个系统 提供了与秀丽隐杆线虫胚胎发生稳定选择相对应的定向选择 经验。对大型 S. Benedicti 谱系中胚胎基因表达的测量将有助于遗传 剖析母体和合子对发育的贡献并测试母体-合子的作用 驱动或阻止适应性进化的遗传相互作用。