Evolutionary Genetics of Animal Development

动物发育的进化遗传学

• 批准号: 10594396
• 负责人: Matthew Rockman
• 金额: $ 37.95万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-04-01 至 2026-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10594396
• 关键词: Address; Animal Genetics; Animals; Automobile Driving; Biological Models; Biology; Caenorhabditis; Caenorhabditis elegans; Characteristics; Detection; Development; Developmental Gene; Developmental Process; Dissection; Embryo; Embryonic Development; Evolution; Exhibits; Experimental Models; Gene Expression; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Epistasis; Genome; Goals; Heritability; Individual; Life; Maintenance; Maps; Measurement; Molecular; Mothers; Nematoda; Partner in relationship; Pattern; Phenotype; Play; Population; Population Genetics; Property; Quantitative Genetics; Regulation; Research; Resolution; Resources; Role; Self-Fertilizations; Shapes; System; Testing; Variant; Work; developmental genetics; egg; experience; experimental study; genetic analysis; genetic architecture; genetic pedigree; genetic variant; model organism; offspring; pleiotropism; prevent; trait; transmission process; zygote

PROJECT SUMMARY Genes play two different roles in biology, giving shape to phenotypes through developmental processes within individuals, and transmitting traits across generations through Mendelian inheritance. Evolutionary developmental geneticists work at the intersection of these roles, asking how the mechanisms that operate within individuals influence the origin, maintenance, and fate of phenotypic variation in populations. Pleiotropy, dominance, epistasis, polygeny, and linkage are some of the phenomena that unite developmental and population genetics. One further class of phenomenon – early embryonic development – also bridges this divide, involving molecular and cellular contributions from the embryo's own zygotic genome but also from the substance of the egg, a product of its mother's genome. This dual regulation by two genomes creates distinctive transmission genetics properties for early development, properties that alter predictions about patterns of variation and divergence. To better understand how maternal and zygotic genetic effects and their interactions shape variation and evolution of development, this project sets as its goal the characterization of genetic architectures of embryogenesis in multiple experimental model systems, each with unique complementary features. One line of research focuses on Caenorhabditis nematodes, a longstanding experimental model for developmental genetics. Building on the lab's extensive resources for quantitative genetic analysis in these animals, the project will use controlled experimental crosses to reveal genetic variants that act either in the mother's genome or in that of her offspring to influence developmental gene expression. The project will use two experimental panels of C. elegans, one that maximizes detection power and one that maximizes mapping resolution. To address questions about the role of mating system in maternal-zygotic coevolution, the project will also use an experimental panel of C. becei, a closely related species that exhibits obligate outcrossing in contrast to the self-fertilization that characterizes C. elegans. A second line of research focuses on variation in embryonic development an annelid model system, Streblospio benedicti. This species is unique in exhibiting both direct and indirect development as heritable variation, with the alternative modes representing adaptive strategies to different environmental conditions. This system provides a directional selection counterpart to the stabilizing selection that Caenorhabditis embryogenesis experiences. Measurements of embryonic gene expression in a large S. benedicti pedigree will facilitate genetic dissection of both maternal and zygotic contributions to development and tests of the role of maternal-zygotic genetic interactions in driving or preventing adaptive evolution.

项目摘要 基因在生物学中扮演两种不同的角色，通过发育过程形成表型 在个体内部，并通过孟德尔遗传将性状传递给后代。进化 发育遗传学家在这些角色的交叉点上工作，询问这些机制是如何运作的。 个体内部的遗传变异影响着群体中表型变异的起源、维持和命运。 多效性、显性、上位性、多基因发生和连锁是将发育中的 和群体遗传学。另一类现象--早期胚胎发育--也弥补了这一点 分裂，包括来自胚胎自身合子基因组的分子和细胞贡献，也包括来自 卵子的物质，是母亲基因组的产物。两个基因组的双重调节 早期发育的独特传递遗传学特性，改变关于 变化和分歧的模式。 为了更好地了解母体和合子遗传效应及其相互作用如何形成变异， 发展的演变，这个项目的目标是表征遗传结构的发展， 胚胎发生在多个实验模型系统，每个具有独特的互补特征。 其中一项研究集中在小杆线虫上，这是一种长期的实验模型， 发育遗传学基于实验室广泛的定量遗传分析资源， 动物，该项目将使用控制实验杂交，以揭示遗传变异，无论是在 母亲的基因组或其后代的基因组中影响发育基因表达。该项目将使用 C.一个是最大化检测能力，一个是最大化映射能力， 分辨率为了解决有关交配系统在母合子协同进化中的作用的问题，该项目 也将使用一个实验小组的C。becei，一个密切相关的物种，表现出专性异交， 与C.优雅的 第二条研究线集中在胚胎发育的变异上，一个环节动物模型系统， 祝你好运本种在表现直接和间接发展为可遗传变异方面是独特的， 所述替代模式表示对不同环境条件的适应策略。该系统 提供了一个定向选择对应的稳定选择， 经验在一个大的S.贝内迪克蒂血统将有助于遗传 母体和合子对发育的贡献的解剖和母体-合子作用的测试 基因相互作用在驱动或阻止适应性进化。