Advancing Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Stress Measurement to Understanding Aging

项目总结 强有力的流行病学证据表明，慢性心理压力预示着更早的疾病发病和 死亡率。然而，有几个关键障碍阻碍了压力流行病学研究的进展 作为疾病的风险因素。压力测量本质上是复杂的和多层次的(社会、心理、 生理)，通常是不一致的和肤浅的，没有捕捉到日常的压力过程或包括非自我 报告压力或压力脆弱性的衡量标准。与此同时，应激的基础科学也取得了进展。 过程，帮助解开和定义对急性和慢性的认知、情感和生理反应 应激，以及通过生态瞬时评估对每日应激的颗粒测量的进展。因此，强调科学 可以通过以多层模型为基础并使用这些新技术增强测量来大大加快速度 接近了。 在R24压力测量网络的第一个周期中，我们通过实现三个目标来解决这些问题 (详见过去的成就)。1)我们发表了一个关于压力和衰老的跨学科多层次模型 结合了背景因素、日常水平过程和生理反应1；2)我们创建了压力类型学 增强概念化和强调的语言；以及3)我们开发了基于共识的最佳方案的测量工具箱 经过验证的措施。最后，我们完成了多种类型压力体验变量的协调 十项国家流行病学研究，与全球老龄数据统一门户倡议合作。我们 现在可以支持研究人员对与压力、衰老和健康之间的跨国联系相关的问题感兴趣。 有了这项基础性工作，我们就可以理想地改进这些产品及其在该领域的使用，并开发一种新的 一套创新产品。拟议的网络延续将依赖于我们加州大学旧金山分校的领导团队，继续 以及新的科学顾问，他们是压力和衰老领域的专家，以及我们将 提供支持，因为他们增加了对压力测量最佳做法的了解。此外，我们将广泛招聘 优秀的科学家帮助完成新的目标，这需要跨学科领域的深度参与 人口健康。我们的新目标将测试多层次模型的各个方面。这些措施包括：1)启动新的 可获得10项流行病学队列研究的统一压力数据，以检查跨国相关性； 2)开发和测试新的心理压力测量方法，重点是非自我报告的压力测量方法 基于基本实验研究的漏洞；扩展测量工具箱以包括以下方法 评估压力的生理指数，并传播压力测量的最佳实践；以及3)使用大型 衡量数据集，验证对压力的日常和生态瞬时评估，并测试各种心理或 行为操控改变了日常的心理和自主神经压力反应。改进的应力测量 工具为发现和推进基础研究领域提供了巨大的机会，提高了 健康促进干预措施，以及影响社会压力的政策。

PROJECT SUMMARY Strong epidemiological evidence demonstrates that chronic psychological stress predicts earlier disease onset and mortality. However, there are several critical barriers that have prevented progress in the epidemiological study of stress as a risk factor for disease. Stress measurement is inherently complex and multi-level (social, psychological, physiological), is typically inconsistent and superficial, and does not capture daily stress processes or include non-self- report measures of stress or stress vulnerability. Meanwhile, there have been advances in the basic science of stress processes, which have helped unpack and define the cognitive, affective, and physiological responses to acute and chronic stress, and advances in granular measures of daily stress through ecological momentary assessments. Thus, stress science could be greatly accelerated by grounding in a multilevel model and enhancing measurement using these novel approaches. In our first cycle of the R24 Stress Measurement Network, we addressed these issues through accomplishing three aims (detailed in Past Accomplishments). 1) We published a transdisciplinary multi-level model of stress and aging that incorporates contextual factors, daily level processes, and physiological responses1; 2) We created a Stress Typology to enhance conceptualization and language of stress; and 3) We developed a Measurement Toolbox for consensus-based best validated measures. Lastly, we completed the harmonization of variables for numerous types of stress experiences across ten national epidemiological studies in partnership with the Gateway to Global Aging data harmonization initiative. We can now support researchers interested in questions related to cross-national associations among stress, aging, and health. With this foundational work, we are ideally poised to improve these products and their use in the field and develop a new set of innovative products. The proposed continuation of the network will rely on our UCSF leadership team, continuing and new scientific advisors who are experts in the area of both stress and aging, and early stage investigators who we will support as they increase their knowledge of best practices in stress measurement. Further, we will reach broadly to recruit excellent scientists to help complete the new aims, which requires deep engagement of interdisciplinary fields of population health. Our new aims will test aspects of the multi-level model. These include: 1) Initiate use of newly available harmonized stress data across 10 epidemiological cohort studies to examine cross-national associations; 2) Develop and test new measures of psychological stress, with a focus on non-self-report measures of stress vulnerability based on basic experimental research; Expand the measurement toolbox to include methods for assessing physiological indices of stress, and disseminate best practices in stress measurement; and 3) Using large scale datasets, validate daily and ecological momentary assessments of stress, and test how various psychological or behavioral manipulations alter daily psychological and autonomic stress responses. Improved stress measurement tools offer tremendous opportunities for discovering and advancing the field of basic research, enhancing the efficacy of health promotion interventions, and policies that impact social stress.