Advancing Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Stress Measurement to Understanding Aging

项目概要 强有力的流行病学证据表明，慢性心理压力可预测疾病的早期发作和 死亡率。然而，有几个关键障碍阻碍了压力流行病学研究的进展 作为疾病的危险因素。压力测量本质上是复杂且多层次的（社会、心理、 生理），通常是不一致和肤浅的，并且不捕捉日常压力过程或包括非自我 报告压力或压力脆弱性的测量结果。与此同时，压力的基础科学也取得了进展 过程，有助于解开和定义对急性和慢性的认知、情感和生理反应 压力，以及通过生态瞬时评估对日常压力进行精细测量的进展。因此，强调科学 通过建立多级模型并使用这些新颖的方法增强测量可以大大加速 接近。 在 R24 压力测量网络的第一个周期中，我们通过实现三个目标来解决这些问题 （详细信息参见过去的成就）。 1）我们发表了压力与衰老的跨学科多层次模型 纳入情境因素、日常水平过程和生理反应1； 2) 我们创建了一个压力类型 增强压力的概念化和语言； 3）我们开发了一个测量工具箱，用于基于共识的最佳 经过验证的措施。最后，我们完成了多种类型的压力体验变量的协调 与全球老龄化数据协调倡议合作进行了十项国家流行病学研究。我们 现在可以为对压力、衰老和健康之间的跨国关联问题感兴趣的研究人员提供支持。 通过这项基础工作，我们完全准备好改进这些产品及其在现场的使用，并开发一种新的 一套创新产品。该网络的拟议延续将依靠我们的 UCSF 领导团队，继续 以及新的科学顾问，他们是压力和衰老领域的专家，以及早期研究人员，我们将 支持他们增加压力测量最佳实践的知识。此外，我们还将广泛招募 优秀科学家帮助完成新目标，需要跨学科领域的深度参与 人口健康。我们的新目标将测试多层次模型的各个方面。其中包括： 1) 开始使用新的 10 项流行病学队列研究中可用的统一压力数据，以检查跨国关联； 2）开发和测试新的心理压力测量方法，重点是非自我报告的压力测量方法 基于基础实验研究的脆弱性；扩展测量工具箱以包括以下方法 评估压力的生理指标，并传播压力测量的最佳实践； 3）使用大 扩展数据集，验证压力的日常和生态瞬时评估，并测试各种心理或 行为操纵改变日常心理和自主应激反应。改进的压力测量 工具为发现和推进基础研究领域、提高研究效率提供了巨大的机会 健康促进干预措施以及影响社会压力的政策。

PROJECT SUMMARY Strong epidemiological evidence demonstrates that chronic psychological stress predicts earlier disease onset and mortality. However, there are several critical barriers that have prevented progress in the epidemiological study of stress as a risk factor for disease. Stress measurement is inherently complex and multi-level (social, psychological, physiological), is typically inconsistent and superficial, and does not capture daily stress processes or include non-self- report measures of stress or stress vulnerability. Meanwhile, there have been advances in the basic science of stress processes, which have helped unpack and define the cognitive, affective, and physiological responses to acute and chronic stress, and advances in granular measures of daily stress through ecological momentary assessments. Thus, stress science could be greatly accelerated by grounding in a multilevel model and enhancing measurement using these novel approaches. In our first cycle of the R24 Stress Measurement Network, we addressed these issues through accomplishing three aims (detailed in Past Accomplishments). 1) We published a transdisciplinary multi-level model of stress and aging that incorporates contextual factors, daily level processes, and physiological responses1; 2) We created a Stress Typology to enhance conceptualization and language of stress; and 3) We developed a Measurement Toolbox for consensus-based best validated measures. Lastly, we completed the harmonization of variables for numerous types of stress experiences across ten national epidemiological studies in partnership with the Gateway to Global Aging data harmonization initiative. We can now support researchers interested in questions related to cross-national associations among stress, aging, and health. With this foundational work, we are ideally poised to improve these products and their use in the field and develop a new set of innovative products. The proposed continuation of the network will rely on our UCSF leadership team, continuing and new scientific advisors who are experts in the area of both stress and aging, and early stage investigators who we will support as they increase their knowledge of best practices in stress measurement. Further, we will reach broadly to recruit excellent scientists to help complete the new aims, which requires deep engagement of interdisciplinary fields of population health. Our new aims will test aspects of the multi-level model. These include: 1) Initiate use of newly available harmonized stress data across 10 epidemiological cohort studies to examine cross-national associations; 2) Develop and test new measures of psychological stress, with a focus on non-self-report measures of stress vulnerability based on basic experimental research; Expand the measurement toolbox to include methods for assessing physiological indices of stress, and disseminate best practices in stress measurement; and 3) Using large scale datasets, validate daily and ecological momentary assessments of stress, and test how various psychological or behavioral manipulations alter daily psychological and autonomic stress responses. Improved stress measurement tools offer tremendous opportunities for discovering and advancing the field of basic research, enhancing the efficacy of health promotion interventions, and policies that impact social stress.