Training Leaders to Prevent and Reduce Domestic Violence in Their Communities: Experimental Evidence From Peru

摘要 基于性别的暴力影响到世界上三分之一的妇女，并对福利产生长期影响 对受害者和家庭的影响，以及对卫生部门、法律的系统和经济的间接成本。然而 很少有严格的研究干预措施，旨在减少或预防性别暴力的有效性。因此，在本发明中， 决策一直以“最佳做法”手册为指导，几乎没有有力的证据。正在形成共识 以多层次和性别变革方法为中心，但缺乏对 这一方法的有效性或对方案拟订关键组成部分的深入了解。该项目的目标是 通过实验评估的影响，为科学和政策界提供新的严格的证据， 在秘鲁，国家对基于性别的暴力行为进行干预的替代版本。我们的评估将提供证据， 不同计划组成部分的有效性，评估其成本效益和扩展潜力， 阐明性别暴力变化的机制。该项目利用了长期的合作伙伴关系 与秘鲁妇女部（MOW）合作，对250名妇女进行随机实验评估， 领导者行动村（LIA），这是妇女部的性别暴力旗舰计划，旨在培训当地领导人应对性别暴力 和规范。我们通过实验评估了其两个主要组成部分的影响：基于家庭的模块（HT）， 包括由受过培训的领导人进行的家庭访问，以及一个以小组为基础的模块， 由受过培训的调解人组织的按性别划分的小组。我们将交叉随机化每种方法， 评估他们在减少家庭暴力和改变社会规范方面的效率， 暴力和性别角色。本研究分别阐述了这两个模块的影响， 互动，同时明确解决以往研究的方法问题。自我报告偏倚 报告的措施将通过一个完全私人的自我管理工具和一个大的集群来解决。 样本将解决以往研究的统计功效限制。此外，综合男女 调查工具旨在揭示潜在的机制和理论框架， 性别暴力。最后，我们的实验设计将使我们能够理清短期和长期的影响， 不同的交付模式。这是一个评估政府引导性别暴力项目的独特机会 在秘鲁和世界范围内制定方案，估计其成本效益，并提供关于性别暴力的科学证据 减少和预防。MOW渴望将结果纳入其秘鲁人的节目中 国家打击性别暴力计划。该项目包括政策外联活动，以指导妇女部的决策， 讲习班、政策简报和能力建设会议。我们希望未来的研究能够解决 将我们的发现外推到其他拉丁美洲国家，并将其与非洲和亚洲的经验进行对比。

Abstract Gender-based violence (GBV) affects one out of three women in the world, with long-term welfare consequences for victims and families, and indirect costs to the health sector, the legal system, and the economy. Yet there has been little rigorous research on the efficacy of interventions that aim to reduce or prevent GBV. As a result, policymaking has been guided by “best-practice” manuals and little robust evidence. An emerging consensus centers on multi-level and gender transformative approaches, but there is a lack of systematic research on the effectiveness of this approach or insight into key components of programming. The goal of this project is to deliver new rigorous evidence to the scientific and policy community by experimentally evaluating the impact of alternative versions of a state-run GBV intervention in Peru. Our evaluation will provide evidence on the effectiveness of distinct program components, assess their cost-effectiveness and potential to scale, and shed light on mechanisms underlying changes in GBV. This project takes advantage of a long-standing partnership with the Peruvian Ministry of Women (MOW) to conduct an experimental evaluation randomized across 250 villages of Leaders in Action (LIA), the MOW’s flagship GBV program that trains local leaders on gender violence and norms. We experimentally assess the impact of its two main components: a household-based module (HT), consisting of household visits by trained leaders, and a group-based module (GT) with education sessions in small gender-segregated groups organized by trained facilitators. We will cross-randomize each approach to assess their efficiency in reducing domestic violence and changing social norms around tolerance toward violence and gender roles. The study disentangles the impact of the two modules separately, as well as their interaction, while explicitly addressing methodological concerns of previous studies. Reporting bias from self- reported measures will be addressed with a fully private self-administrated instrument, and a large clustered sample will address statistical power limitations of previous studies. In addition, comprehensive male and female survey instruments are designed to shed light on the potential mechanisms and theoretical framework underlying GBV. Finally, our experimental design will allow us to disentangle short and long-term effects, and the efficacy of separate delivery modes. This is a unique opportunity to evaluate government programs to guide GBV programming in Peru and worldwide, estimate their cost effectiveness, and bring scientific evidence on GBV reduction and prevention. The MOW is eager to incorporate the results to its programming of the Peruvian National Plan Against GBV. The project includes policy outreach activities to guide MOW’s policymaking through workshops, policy briefs and capacity building sessions. We expect future research to address the accuracy of extrapolating our findings to other Latin American countries and contrast them to experiences in Africa and Asia.