Co-Abuse Cannabis and Tobacco

项目总结 烟草和大麻是美国最常被滥用的两种物质。此外， 同时使用大麻和烟草多物质(CT-PSU)并不是虚无缥缈的，而且呈上升趋势 随着越来越多的州将大麻使用合法化。这种上升趋势尤其令人担忧。 因为，与使用不含烟草的大麻相比，CT-PSU与更多的大麻有关 依赖、心理社会问题和较差的戒烟结果，以及额外的健康风险， 单独相对于任何一种物质。确定CT-PSU的潜在机制将需要协调 流行病学、临床前和人体实验室研究。然而，每个学科的模型和措施 最常用于检查CT-PSU的方法是为调查单一药物使用而开发的，可能不 捕捉CT-PSU的独特功能。在拟议的项目中，CT-PSU的模式将通过 制定和实施专门针对CT-PSU的新调查措施(R21阶段)。在……里面 此外，还将建立和验证小鼠吸入尼古丁的自我给药程序。 同时收集流行病学数据。随后，这两项努力的结果将指导决策 关于实验参数将被用来研究Δ，9-四氢大麻酚(THC； 大麻的主要精神活性替代物)对吸入尼古丁的强化作用(即“追逐”)和 两种药物同时给药(如钝化或剪接)对小鼠和人类的增强作用 吸烟者和不吸烟者。这一与翻译相关的办法将导致建立 通过更好的模型来研究CT-PSU，最终目标是发现其潜在的原因 靶向治疗方法的机制和发展。

PROJECT SUMMARY Tobacco and cannabis are two of the most commonly abused substances in the United States. Further, simultaneous cannabis and tobacco polysubstance use (CT-PSU) is not insubstantial and is trending upwards as cannabis use is legalized in an increasing number of states. This upward trend is of particular concern because, compared to use of cannabis without tobacco, CT-PSU is associated with greater cannabis dependence, psychosocial problems, and poorer cessation outcomes, as well as with additive health risks, relative to either substance alone. Determination of mechanisms underlying CT-PSU will require coordinated epidemiological, preclinical, and human laboratory studies. Yet, the models and measures in each discipline that are used most often to examine CT-PSU were developed to investigate single drug use and may not capture unique features of CT-PSU. In the proposed project, patterns of CT-PSU will be characterized through development and implementation of novel survey measures that focus specifically on CT-PSU (R21 phase). In addition, a procedure for inhaled nicotine self-administration in mice will be established and validated simultaneously with epidemiological data collection. Subsequently, results from both efforts will guide decisions regarding experimental parameters to be used to investigate the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC; primary psychoactive substituent of cannabis) on inhaled nicotine’s reinforcing effects (i.e., “chasing”) and the reinforcing effects of both drugs administered simultaneously (e.g., as in blunts or spliffs) in mice and in human tobacco smokers and non-smokers. This translationally relevant approach will result in the establishment of better models through which to investigate CT-PSU, with the ultimate goals of discovery of its underlying mechanisms and development of targeted treatment approaches.