Neural basis of eating behavior in abstinent smokers

项目总结 在最初戒烟后，吸烟者显著增加了他们每天的卡路里摄入量，这是一个影响 在第一天就可以观察到，持续几周或几个月。事实上，在一年内，大约50%的戒烟者 增加了11磅。和~15%的增长&>22磅。因此，体重增加经常被认为是重返 抽烟。虽然许多药物和行为干预措施可以减少戒烟后的体重增加 (电讯盈科)已经过测试，这些往往是无效的或有短暂的好处。因此，新的治疗方法 迫切需要采取措施。这将需要根据改进的 了解戒烟和暴饮暴食之间的神经行为机制。为此， 这个项目通过整合来自行为经济学和 认知神经科学加速研究PCWG的神经行为机制。这个 这项功能磁共振成像(FMRI)研究的主要目的是：(1)确定初始 戒烟对与食物相关的大脑活动和行为的影响；(2)评估它们的相对贡献 停止摄入卡路里后的大脑和行为过程；以及(3)比较基线差异 吸烟者和不吸烟者之间的区别。这项研究将使用经过验证的受试者内交叉功能磁共振研究 设计比较工作记忆、食物提示反应性、食物增强值和卡路里摄入量 4天“照常吸烟”与4天强制戒烟(条件顺序 平衡)。在每个周期的第4天，参与者将在完成以下测量的同时接受功能磁共振成像 工作记忆、食物提示反应性和食物强化。每天24小时的食品召回将在 计算总的卡路里摄入量和高脂肪、高糖的摄入量 食物。这项研究将包括接受一个阶段研究的不吸烟对照组。 支持我们的预测将有助于对预防PCWG的新型辅助治疗进行测试，例如 计算机化神经认知运动训练。此外，认知的前处理措施可以识别 吸烟者最有可能需要更密集的治疗来管理电讯盈科。

PROJECT SUMMARY Following initial smoking cessation, smokers increase their daily caloric intake significantly, an effect observable on day one and lasting for weeks or months. Indeed, within one year, ~50% of abstaining smokers gain >11 lbs. and ~15% gain >22lbs. As such, weight gain is often cited as a primary reason for returning to smoking. While many pharmacologic and behavioral interventions to reduce post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) have been tested, these tend to be ineffective or to have short-lived benefits. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. This will require identifying new intervention targets based on an improved understanding of the neurobehavioral mechanisms linking smoking cessation and overeating. Toward this end, this project breaks new ground by integrating concepts and tools from the fields of behavioral economics and cognitive neuroscience to accelerate the study of neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying PCWG. The primary aims of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study are: (1) To identify effects of initial smoking cessation on food-related brain activity and behavior; (2) To evaluate the relative contribution of these brain and behavioral processes to post-cessation caloric intake; and (3) To compare baseline differences between smokers and non-smokers. This study will use a validated within-subject cross-over fMRI study design to compare working memory, food cue reactivity, reinforcing value of food, and caloric intake during a 4-day period of “smoking as usual” vs. a 4-day period of mandatory abstinence (order of conditions counterbalanced). On day 4 of each period, participants will undergo fMRI while completing measures of working memory, food cue reactivity, and food reinforcement. 24-hour daily food recalls will be completed at baseline and during each study period to calculate overall caloric intake and intake of high fat and high sugar foods. The study will include and non-smoking comparison group that undergoes one phase of the study. Support for our predictions would inform testing of novel adjunctive treatments to prevent PCWG, such as computerized neurocognitive exercise training. Further, pre-treatment measures of cognitive may identify smokers who are most likely to need more intensive treatment to manage PCWG.