Neural basis of eating behavior in abstinent smokers

项目摘要 在最初戒烟后，吸烟者会显著增加每日热量摄入， 在第一天观察到并持续数周或数月。事实上，在一年内，约50%的戒烟者 增重>11磅。和~15%增益> 22磅。因此，体重增加经常被认为是返回的主要原因。 smoking.虽然许多减少戒烟后体重增加的药物和行为干预措施 （PCWG）已经过测试，这些往往是无效的或有短暂的好处。因此，新的治疗剂 迫切需要采取各种办法。这将需要根据改进的 了解戒烟和暴饮暴食之间的神经行为机制。为此， 该项目通过整合行为经济学领域的概念和工具， 认知神经科学，以加速PCWG的神经行为机制的研究。的 这项功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的主要目的是：（1）确定初始 戒烟对食物相关的大脑活动和行为的影响;（2）评估这些因素的相对贡献 大脑和行为过程停止后的热量摄入;（3）比较基线差异 吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的差异。本研究将使用经验证的受试者内交叉fMRI研究 设计比较工作记忆，食物提示反应，食物的强化价值，以及在一个 4-一天的“照常吸烟”与4天的强制戒烟（条件顺序 平衡）。在每个阶段的第4天，参与者将接受fMRI，同时完成以下测量： 工作记忆、食物线索反应和食物强化。24-小时每日食品召回将在 基线和每个研究期间计算总热量摄入量和高脂肪高糖摄入量 食品本研究将包括接受一个研究阶段的非吸烟对照组。 支持我们的预测将为预防PCWG的新的连续治疗方法的测试提供信息，例如 计算机化神经认知训练此外，治疗前的认知测量可以识别 吸烟者最有可能需要更密集的治疗来管理PCWG。

PROJECT SUMMARY Following initial smoking cessation, smokers increase their daily caloric intake significantly, an effect observable on day one and lasting for weeks or months. Indeed, within one year, ~50% of abstaining smokers gain >11 lbs. and ~15% gain >22lbs. As such, weight gain is often cited as a primary reason for returning to smoking. While many pharmacologic and behavioral interventions to reduce post-cessation weight gain (PCWG) have been tested, these tend to be ineffective or to have short-lived benefits. Thus, novel therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. This will require identifying new intervention targets based on an improved understanding of the neurobehavioral mechanisms linking smoking cessation and overeating. Toward this end, this project breaks new ground by integrating concepts and tools from the fields of behavioral economics and cognitive neuroscience to accelerate the study of neurobehavioral mechanisms underlying PCWG. The primary aims of this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study are: (1) To identify effects of initial smoking cessation on food-related brain activity and behavior; (2) To evaluate the relative contribution of these brain and behavioral processes to post-cessation caloric intake; and (3) To compare baseline differences between smokers and non-smokers. This study will use a validated within-subject cross-over fMRI study design to compare working memory, food cue reactivity, reinforcing value of food, and caloric intake during a 4-day period of “smoking as usual” vs. a 4-day period of mandatory abstinence (order of conditions counterbalanced). On day 4 of each period, participants will undergo fMRI while completing measures of working memory, food cue reactivity, and food reinforcement. 24-hour daily food recalls will be completed at baseline and during each study period to calculate overall caloric intake and intake of high fat and high sugar foods. The study will include and non-smoking comparison group that undergoes one phase of the study. Support for our predictions would inform testing of novel adjunctive treatments to prevent PCWG, such as computerized neurocognitive exercise training. Further, pre-treatment measures of cognitive may identify smokers who are most likely to need more intensive treatment to manage PCWG.