Dynamic population codes for perception

感知的动态种群编码 项目总结 感觉和运动系统最关键的功能之一是为即将到来的事件做准备。在感官上 系统，这种准备提供了一种感知和行为优势。当一个即将到来的城市的位置 事件是已知的，受试者以更短的反应时间和更高的准确性做出反应-一种内部状态，即 通常被称为空间注意力。整个大脑皮层的许多区域都被认为与游戏有关 在建立和维持注意力方面的重要作用，明确了注意力通过 整个大脑中神经元群的协调活动。然而，对注意力的典型研究有 主要集中在刺激开始后很长一段时间内的平均神经元反应，以及 几乎所有的记录都是一次从一个大脑区域记录下来的。我们将调查人口水平 神经元为预期的刺激做准备并维持注意力状态、集中注意力的机制 关于视觉和前额叶皮质内神经元的活动以及这些区域之间的相互作用。 我们的策略是使用种群水平的措施来揭示单个神经元隐藏的信号并进行平均 方法，然后将这些措施与行为联系起来。在第一个具体目标中，我们测量神经元是如何 视觉皮质为即将到来的刺激做好准备。我们假设，不同的人口代码是基础 视皮层中的注意准备，并反映在最早的反应中。在第二个具体目标中，我们 确定前额叶皮质和视觉皮质如何协同工作来准备注意力。我们假设 前额叶皮质用于在没有视觉刺激的情况下保持稳定的注意力状态，以及 这些区域之间的协调活动会影响行为。在第三个具体目标中，我们寻求 了解视皮层的准备是如何根据上下文进行适应性调整的。我们假设动态任务 需求影响视觉皮质的准备模式，使注意力能够灵活地影响 在许多情况下的行为。这项研究的总体结果将是确定人口的作用 动态视觉感知中的活动，并构建一个框架，通过该框架将人口记录与 多个大脑区域对视觉感知和行为产生影响。这将有助于开发神经疾病的治疗方法。 创伤性脑损伤或疾病后的视力和康复障碍。

Dynamic population codes for perception PROJECT SUMMARY One of the most critical functions of sensory and motor systems is preparation for upcoming events. In sensory systems, this preparation confers a perceptual and behavioral advantage. When the location of an upcoming event is known, subjects respond with shorter reaction times and greater accuracy – an internal state that is often referred to as spatial attention. Numerous regions throughout the cortex have been implicated as playing important roles in establishing and maintaining attention, making it clear that attention operates through the coordinated activity of neuronal populations throughout the brain. Typical studies of attention, however, have focused largely on averaged neuronal responses in a time window well after the time of stimulus onset, and nearly all have involved recordings from a single brain region at a time. We will investigate the population-level mechanisms by which neurons prepare for an anticipated stimulus and maintain an attentional state, focusing on the activity of neurons within visual and prefrontal cortex as well as the interactions between these regions. Our strategy is to employ population-level measures to reveal signals hidden from single-neuron and averaged approaches, and then link these measures to behavior. In the first specific aim, we measure how neurons in visual cortex prepare for an upcoming stimulus. We hypothesize that a diverse population code underlies attentional preparation in visual cortex and is reflected in the earliest responses. In the second specific aim, we determine how prefrontal cortex and visual cortex work in concert to prepare attention. We hypothesize that prefrontal cortex serves to maintain a stable attentional state in the absence of visual stimulation, and coordinated activity between these regions influences behavior. In the third specific aim, we seek to understand how preparation in visual cortex is adaptable based on context. We hypothesize that dynamic task demands influence the patterns by which visual cortex prepares, enabling attention to flexibly influence behavior in numerous situations. The overall result of this study will be to establish the role of population activity in dynamic visual perception, and to construct a framework by which to relate population recordings in multiple brain regions to visual perception and behavior. This will aid in developing treatments for neurological disorders of vision and rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury or disease.