Dynamic population codes for perception

感知的动态群体代码

• 批准号: 10415951
• 负责人: MATTHEW A SMITH
• 金额: $ 32.89万
• 依托单位: CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10415951
• 关键词: Afferent Neurons; Agnosia; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Diseases; Brain region; Code; Communication; Detection; Diagnosis; Disease; Event; Individual; Link; Location; Measures; Methods; Neurons; Outcomes Research; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Photic Stimulation; Play; Population; Population Heterogeneity; Prefrontal Cortex; Preparation; Process; Prosthesis; Reaction Time; Research; Role; Sampling; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Structure; Testing; Time; Traumatic Brain Injury; V4 neuron; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; active vision; area V4; base; behavior influence; brain repair; experimental study; extrastriate visual cortex; flexibility; improved; neglect; nervous system disorder; receptive field; response; sensorimotor system; sensory system; vision rehabilitation; visual stimulus

Dynamic population codes for perception PROJECT SUMMARY One of the most critical functions of sensory and motor systems is preparation for upcoming events. In sensory systems, this preparation confers a perceptual and behavioral advantage. When the location of an upcoming event is known, subjects respond with shorter reaction times and greater accuracy – an internal state that is often referred to as spatial attention. Numerous regions throughout the cortex have been implicated as playing important roles in establishing and maintaining attention, making it clear that attention operates through the coordinated activity of neuronal populations throughout the brain. Typical studies of attention, however, have focused largely on averaged neuronal responses in a time window well after the time of stimulus onset, and nearly all have involved recordings from a single brain region at a time. We will investigate the population-level mechanisms by which neurons prepare for an anticipated stimulus and maintain an attentional state, focusing on the activity of neurons within visual and prefrontal cortex as well as the interactions between these regions. Our strategy is to employ population-level measures to reveal signals hidden from single-neuron and averaged approaches, and then link these measures to behavior. In the first specific aim, we measure how neurons in visual cortex prepare for an upcoming stimulus. We hypothesize that a diverse population code underlies attentional preparation in visual cortex and is reflected in the earliest responses. In the second specific aim, we determine how prefrontal cortex and visual cortex work in concert to prepare attention. We hypothesize that prefrontal cortex serves to maintain a stable attentional state in the absence of visual stimulation, and coordinated activity between these regions influences behavior. In the third specific aim, we seek to understand how preparation in visual cortex is adaptable based on context. We hypothesize that dynamic task demands influence the patterns by which visual cortex prepares, enabling attention to flexibly influence behavior in numerous situations. The overall result of this study will be to establish the role of population activity in dynamic visual perception, and to construct a framework by which to relate population recordings in multiple brain regions to visual perception and behavior. This will aid in developing treatments for neurological disorders of vision and rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury or disease.

感知的动态人口编码 项目摘要 感觉和运动系统最重要的功能之一是为即将到来的事件做准备。感官 系统，这种准备赋予感知和行为优势。当一个即将到来的 当已知事件时，受试者的反应时间更短，准确性更高-这是一种内部状态， 通常被称为空间注意力。大脑皮层中的许多区域都与玩耍有关 在建立和保持注意力方面的重要作用，明确注意力是通过 协调整个大脑神经元群体的活动。然而，关于注意力的典型研究 主要集中在刺激开始后的时间窗口内的平均神经元反应， 几乎所有的记录都是一次从一个大脑区域进行的。我们将调查人口水平 神经元为预期刺激做好准备并保持注意力状态、集中注意力的机制 视觉和前额叶皮层神经元的活动以及这些区域之间的相互作用。 我们的策略是采用群体水平的测量来揭示隐藏在单个神经元中的信号， 方法，然后将这些措施与行为联系起来。在第一个具体的目标中，我们测量了神经元在 视觉皮层为即将到来的刺激做准备。我们假设一个多样化的人口密码 注意力在视觉皮层的准备，并反映在最早的反应。在第二个具体目标中， 确定前额叶皮层和视觉皮层如何协同工作以准备注意力。我们假设 前额叶皮层用于在没有视觉刺激的情况下维持稳定的注意力状态， 这些区域之间的协调活动影响行为。在第三个具体目标中，我们力求 理解视觉皮层的准备是如何根据上下文进行调整的。我们假设动态任务 需求影响视觉皮层的准备模式，使注意力能够灵活地影响 在许多情况下的行为。这项研究的总体结果将是确定人口的作用， 活动的动态视觉感知，并构建一个框架，通过该框架将人口记录， 多个大脑区域的视觉感知和行为。这将有助于开发神经系统疾病的治疗方法。 视力障碍和创伤性脑损伤或疾病后的康复。