Remanufacturing and Electrification of (used non road mobile) Machinery (REM)

非道路移动的机械（NRMM）对经济至关重要，但它也是欧盟主要的污染源，约占二氧化碳排放量的2%，氮氧化物排放量的15%和颗粒物排放量的5%（Poulsen，2017）。通过电气化脱碳对于NRMM实现净零排放至关重要。然而，英国即将实施的化石燃料排放禁令将很快导致现有的二手内燃机（ICE）NRMM被废弃，从而失去其内在价值。再制造（如新翻新）和电气化（RE）可以促进循环经济，并通过增加10至15年的零尾气排放使用寿命来保留使用过的NRMM的价值，通常有20%到30%的人与同等的新电机相比，降低了成本和排放。最终用户需要电气NRMM来降低机器的操作和维护成本，然而，新的电NRQs通常太昂贵并且不可用。行业，特别是资产管理公司（AMC）对NRMM的RE越来越感兴趣，以保持其竞争力并符合即将出台的立法（UKCA和化石燃料排放禁令）。但目前很少有人从事这方面的工作。NRMM的可再生能源的吸收受到两个严重的商业挑战的困扰，包括 * 缺乏信息和工具来促进盈利和可持续的决策;_-由于所使用的NRMM种类繁多且条件各异，RE必须单独进行，有些是有利可图且环保的，有些不是_* 法律要求的重新认证的问题，例如CE/UKCA标志，NRMM的再制造和电气化以及相关的法律的责任使其成为企业的一项艰巨任务;- _目前，对此没有明确的路线，标准或程序。为了应对这些挑战，REM最初将重点放在叉车上，研究了数字计算器新概念的可行性，以量化成本和排放效益，从而为NRMM的可再生能源做出明智和可持续的决策，为再制造和电气化NRMM的重新认证制定了一个框架，为业务蓬勃发展创造了合适的市场条件，并建立了一个商业模式，即行业协会，作为所提出概念的市场之路。该项目可能会改变NRMM可再生能源工业化的游戏规则，并肯定会增强业务对供应链中断的抵御能力。

Non road mobile machinery (NRMM) is critical to the economy, but it is also a major source of pollution contributing around 2% of CO2, 15% of nitrogen oxide and 5% of the particulate matter emissions in the EU (Poulsen, 2017). Decarbonisation via electrification is essential for NRMM to achieve Net Zero. However, The incoming fossil fuel emission ban in the UK will soon lead to the existing used Internal combustion engine (ICE) NRMM being scrapped with the loss of their embedded value. Remanufacturing (as-good-as-new refurbishment) and Electrification (RE) of these used NRMM could contribute to a circular economy and accelerate Net Zero through retaining the value of used NRMM by adding zero-tailpipe-emission service life of 10 to 15 years, with a typical 20% to 30% reduction in costs and emissions compared to equivalent new electric machines.End users demand electrical NRMM to reduce machines' operation and maintenance costs, yet new electrical NRMMs are often too expensive and not available. There are growing interests from industry, especially asset management companies (AMCs), in RE of NRMM for keeping them competitive and compliant with incoming legislation (UKCA and fossil fuel emission ban). But few are currently engaged in this. The uptake of RE of NRMM is plagued by two serious business challenges including* A lack of information and tools to facilitate profitable and sustainable decisions; _- RE has to be conducted individually due to the large variety and varying conditions of used NRMM, some profitable and environmental friendly, some not_* The concerns of legally required recertification, e.g. CE/UKCA mark, of remanufactured and electrified NRMM and the associated legal liability makes it an daunting task for businesses;- _Currently, there is no clear route, criteria or procedure for this._Addressing these challenges and with an initial focus on forklifts, REM studies the feasibility of a new concept of a digital calculator to quantify cost and emission benefits, thus empowering informed and sustainable decisions for RE of NRMM, develops a framework for recertification of the remanufactured and electrified NRMM to create the right market conditions for business to flourish, and establishes a business model, namely a trade association, as the route to market of the proposed concept. This project could be a game-changer for the industrialisation of RE of NRMM, and will surely enhance business' resilience to the supply chain disruptions.