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Informatics Platform for Mammalian Gene Regulation at Isoform-level

异构体水平的哺乳动物基因调控信息学平台

基本信息

批准号：
10273985
负责人：
RAMANA V DAVULURI
金额：
$ 34.36万
依托单位：
STATE UNIVERSITY NEW YORK STONY BROOK
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-11-01 至 2022-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10273985
关键词：
Address Adopted Algorithmic Analysis Algorithms Alleles Alternative Splicing Architecture Bioinformatics Biological Assay Bipolar Disorder Brain Neoplasms CRISPR/Cas technology Cancer Patient Cell Line Cells Classification Cluster Analysis Computer software Computing Methodologies DNA-Binding Proteins Data Data Set Derivation procedure Development Diagnosis Disease Epigenetic Process Exons Gene Expression Gene Expression Regulation Genes Genetic Genetic Transcription Genome Genomics Glioblastoma Goals Human Human Genome Informatics Knowledge Label Luciferases Malignant Neoplasms Mammalian Cell Methods Molecular Mus Mutation Neurodegenerative Disorders Normal tissue morphology Parkinson Disease Pattern Phenotype Protein Isoforms Quantitative Trait Loci RNA Splicing Regulation Regulator Genes Reporter Research Sampling Schizophrenia Signal Pathway Site Specimen Statistical Data Interpretation Statistical Methods Stratification Tissue Sample Transcript Update Variant autism spectrum disorder base bioinformatics tool cancer subtypes chromatin immunoprecipitation classification algorithm data integration data mining diagnostic biomarker discrete data feature selection gene function gene product genetic signature genome editing genome-wide analysis high dimensionality improved in silico innovation molecular diagnostics multiple omics neuropsychiatric disorder novel open source outcome forecast platform-independent prediction algorithm programs promoter protein function public health relevance therapeutic target tool transcriptome transcriptome sequencing tumor user friendly software user-friendly

项目摘要

SUMMARY With each successive discovery in genetics, the true dynamic complexity of the human genome has become increasingly apparent, requiring relatively consistent updates to the technical definition of the word “gene”. It is now understood that the notion of “one gene makes one protein that functions in one signaling pathway” in human cells is overly simplistic, because majority of the human genes produce multiple functional products (transcript variants and protein isoforms), through alternative transcription and/or alternative splicing. Therefore, our central hypothesis is that the isoform-level gene products – “transcript variants” and “protein isoforms” are the basic functional units in a mammalian cell, and accordingly, the informatics platforms for managing and analyzing gene regulation data both in normal and disease cells should adopt “gene isoform centric” rather than “gene centric” approaches. Towards the goal of broadly impacting gene regulation and functional studies at gene isoform-level, we have been developing novel algorithms for analyses of genome- wide transcriptome (RNA-seq and exon-array) and protein-DNA binding (ChIP-seq) data, and for extending the gene-level orthology mapping to exon- and transcript-level mapping between the orthologous human and mouse genes. By applying these novel algorithms on public datasets, we have observed significant expression differences between different sample groups (e.g., developmental stages, cancer subtypes, normal vs cancer) for numerous genes at the isoform-level but not at the overall gene-level, and experimentally validated the `significant' isoforms using RT-qPCR in independent bio-specimens. While the application of these algorithms has led to the development of new methods for diagnosis of glioblastoma or a sub-type thereof, the isoform- level transcriptome analyses results also led to some challenging questions – for example – How are the alternative promoters of a gene show switch-like opposing patterns of activity (while one promoter is up- the other is down-regulated in one condition vs the other), and how are different splice-variants of a gene show opposing expression patterns in cancer versus normal tissue samples? We currently lack informatics methods to address these challenging questions. Therefore, we propose to develop novel statistical methods (1) for integrative cluster analysis of isoform-level gene expression information from exon-array and RNA-seq platforms, (2) for identification of differential transcript/isoform usage in heterogeneous cancer samples, and (3) for identification of alternative transcription/splicing quantitative trait locus (sQTL) in tumor adjusted by somatic genetic and epigenetic changes. And, (4) the novel predictions from these algorithms will be experimentally validated by performing Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter assay and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in U87 and A172 cells. The novel bioinformatics methods developed by this project will help in silico discovery and research for accelerating the linkage of phenotypic and genomic information, at gene-isoform level.

总结