Paramyxoviruses as Vaccine Vectors Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

目前还没有预防SARS-CoV-2感染和由SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19疾病的疫苗。迫切需要有效的疫苗。表达SARS-CoV-2 S蛋白免疫原性版本的副粘病毒载体将提供用于鼻内给药的新型活疫苗，设计用于在人体内高度减毒，同时在SARS-CoV-2的主要感染部位保持高水平的免疫原性。目前的主要重点是开发副粘病毒载体疫苗，这种疫苗不应受到人群中已有免疫力的限制。这些病毒载体被设计成在呼吸道上皮的浅层复制，诱导局部粘膜和全身先天免疫，病毒中和血清抗体，以及CD8+和CD4+ T细胞。鼻内副粘病毒载体疫苗将在呼吸道（SARS-CoV-2感染的主要部位）提供全身和局部保护，并且与其他活病毒疫苗类似，预计在单剂疫苗后可迅速诱导免疫。可以迅速生产出大量疫苗剂量。

There are no vaccines to protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Effective vaccines are urgently needed. Paramyxovirus vectors expressing an immunogenic version of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein would provide novel live vaccines for intranasal administration, designed to be highly attenuated in humans while maintaining a high level of immunogenicity at the primary sites of infection of SARS-CoV-2. A major emphasis is being put on developing paramyxovirus vector vaccines that should not be restricted by pre-existing immunity in the human population. These viral vectors are designed to replicate in the superficial layers of the respiratory epithelium, inducing local mucosal and systemic innate immunity, virus-neutralizing serum antibodies, and CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Intranasal paramyxovirus vector vaccines would provide systemic and local protection in the respiratory tract, the primary site of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and, similar to other live viral vaccines, are expected to rapidly induce immunity following a single dose of vaccine. Large quantities of vaccine doses could be generated rapidly.