Occupational Exposure and Health Indicator Assessment of Emerging Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

新兴全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 的职业暴露和健康指标评估

• 批准号: 10282096
• 负责人: Elizabeth Whelan
• 金额: $ 22.14万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10282096
• 关键词: Animal Model; Carpet; Chemicals; Cholesterol; Collection; Communication; Communities; Construction Materials; Environment; Epidemiology; Exposure to; Film; Fire - disasters; Food Handling; Government; Health; Human; Industrialization; Industry; Literature; Manuscripts; Medical Device; Methodology; Methods; Occupational; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Health; Outcome; Peer Review; Population; Preparation; Production; Protocols documentation; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Review Literature; Sampling; Source; Stains; Sulfate; Textiles; Thyroid Function Tests; Toxicology; air monitoring; air sampling; aqueous; chemical property; consumer product; design; exposed human population; fighting; in vivo; insight; method development; peer; perfluorooctane; perfluorooctanoic acid; pharmacokinetic model; physical property; sample collection

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemicals that have been used in industry and consumer products, worldwide, since the early 1950’s. Sought-after for their physical and chemical properties, PFAS have been integrated extensively into consumer products and industrial applications, such as stain resistant textiles and carpeting, food-handling materials, medical devices, fire-fighting foam, and construction materials. Over the past few decades, growing concern over health effects associated with PFAS has led to industry and government actions designed to halt production of long-chain PFAS, most notably perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfate (PFOS), and precursors known to transform into long-chain PFAS. Fluorinated replacements for these legacy compounds, consisting of shorter-chain formulas, rapidly emerged and have been promoted as safer alternatives due in large part to shorter elimination half-lives (T1/2) observed in animal models. However, in vivo evidence and pharmacokinetic models suggest exposure to these emerging compounds may result in similar adverse health outcomes. With the rapid, ongoing global transition from long- to short- chain compounds and numerous options entering the market, the specific PFAS in production and the extent of potential human exposure are largely unknown. Research is needed to identify current chemicals in use, particularly in occupational settings where the potential for repeat exposure to concentrated chemicals is considerable; characterize the range of exposure in humans; and to evaluate indicators of health effects associated with short-chain compounds in human populations. Studies of occupationally exposed populations are anticipated to provide critical human exposure information and information on the potential upper range of human exposure as well as insight into chemicals currently in production. This information can then be used to inform toxicological assessments and further research into the human health effects of PFAS. In the first year of this project, FY20, NIOSH completed a review of literature pertaining to occupational exposure, health effects in occupational and relevant community populations (including epidemiologic and toxicologic studies), and methodology. The literature review included 1384 documents primarily pulled from peer reviewed literature and government sources. A manuscript summarizing the occupational exposure literature is in progress. NIOSH has selected their approach for the collection and analysis of air samples and methods development is ongoing. NIOSH is exploring additional methods, including semi- and non-targeted analyses and wipe sample collection. NIOSH has acquired 3 samples of aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) to assist with methods development. These products are known to contain PFAS and have been analyzed by other labs. As there are a number of ongoing PFAS projects, NIOSH has initiated coordinated discussions within NIOSH as well as other government and academic researchers investigating PFAS exposure. Communications are ongoing with many of these organizations, most notably ATSDR. A draft of the study protocol will be submitted for internal review and will undergo in peer and tripartite review in the first quarter of FY21.

全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 是一组合成化学品，自 20 世纪 50 年代初以来一直在全球工业和消费品中使用。 PFAS 因其物理和化学特性而广受追捧，已广泛融入消费品和工业应用中，例如防污纺织品和地毯、食品处理材料、医疗设备、消防泡沫和建筑材料。在过去的几十年里，人们对 PFAS 相关健康影响的日益关注导致行业和政府采取行动，旨在停止生产长链 PFAS，尤其是全氟辛酸 (PFOA) 和全氟辛烷硫酸盐 (PFOS) 以及已知会转化为长链 PFAS 的前体。这些传统化合物的氟化替代品（由短链配方组成）迅速出现，并已被推广为更安全的替代品，这在很大程度上是由于在动物模型中观察到的消除半衰期（T1/2）较短。然而，体内证据和药代动力学模型表明，接触这些新兴化合物可能会导致类似的不良健康结果。 随着全球从长链化合物向短链化合物的快速、持续的转变以及大量产品进入市场，生产中的具体 PFAS 以及人类潜在接触的程度在很大程度上尚不清楚。需要进行研究以确定当前使用的化学品，特别是在重复接触浓缩化学品的可能性相当大的职业环境中；描述人类暴露范围的特征；并评估与人群中短链化合物相关的健康影响指标。对职业暴露人群的研究预计将提供重要的人类暴露信息和有关人类潜在暴露上限的信息，以及对当前生产中化学品的深入了解。这些信息可用于毒理学评估和进一步研究 PFAS 对人类健康的影响。 在该项目的第一年，即 2020 财年，NIOSH 完成了对有关职业暴露、职业和相关社区人群健康影响（包括流行病学和毒理学研究）以及方法学的文献综述。文献综述包括 1384 份文件，主要来自同行评审文献和政府来源。 一份总结职业暴露文献的手稿正在编写中。 NIOSH 已选择了收集和分析空气样本的方法，并且方法开发正在进行中。 NIOSH 正在探索其他方法，包括半目标和非目标分析以及擦拭样本收集。 NIOSH 已获得 3 个水成膜泡沫 (AFFF) 样品来协助方法开发。已知这些产品含有 PFAS，并已由其他实验室进行了分析。 由于有许多正在进行的 PFAS 项目，NIOSH 已在 NIOSH 以及其他调查 PFAS 暴露的政府和学术研究人员内部发起协调讨论。正在与其中许多组织（尤其是 ATSDR）进行沟通。研究方案草案将提交内部审查，并将于 2021 财年第一季度接受同行和三方审查。