Ethologically relevant short term memory in the olfactory bulb

嗅球中与行为学相关的短期记忆

• 批准号: 10300826
• 负责人: Matthew C Smear
• 金额: $ 107.64万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10300826
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Address; Animals; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Assay; Brain; Calcium; Cells; Chemicals; Code; Cognition; Cues; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Head; Head Movements; Image; Inhalation; Lead; Learning; Linear Models; Location; Measures; Memory; Methods; Modeling; Movement; Mus; Nature; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Neuropil; Neurosciences; Noise; Odors; Organism; Output; Pattern; Process; Resolution; Respiration; Sampling; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Smell Perception; Stimulus; System; Testing; Time; Work; calcium indicator; cell motility; cell type; experimental study; insight; interest; neural circuit; olfactory bulb; receptive field; relating to nervous system; response; sensory input; sensory prosthesis; two-photon

ABSTRACT Short-term memory is an essential component of cognition. Here, we will investigate an ethologically relevant form of short-term memory that guides navigation behavior: memory of odor concentration across sniffs. This intersniff memory has been shown to guide olfactory search in studies of freely moving animals, but the stimuli in these experiments are hard to control and measure. To better control concentration fluctuation, we have developed a system for presenting stimuli that rapidly change concentration to head- fixed mice. Using this system, we have revealed that neurons of the olfactory bulb have intersniff memory, with responses that depend on stimulation in previous sniffs. Here, we will investigate the duration, resolution, and cellular basis of intersniff memory representations using electrophysiology, 2-photon imaging, and high-resolution behavioral analysis. Will intersniff memory codes inferred from head-fixed experiments generalize to natural behavior? To answer this question, we have established an unrestrained olfactory navigation assay. Mice learn this task rapidly, and solve the task by following odor concentration changes. We have found that mice execute a repertoire of three-dimensional movements that are precisely synchronized to the sniff cycle. Importantly, these behavioral dynamics are only revealed when an animal is able to move naturally in the environment. How do these movements impact intersniff memory representations? Our behavioral task gives us an unprecedented opportunity to test receptive field models derived from controlled simple stimulation in the context of naturalistic stimulation and movement. For a given mouse, we will first record in head-fixed and determine intersniff memory coding in that condition. We will then test the same neurons in the same mouse in our behavioral task. How well can the head-fixed coding rules predict activity in the freely-moving condition? By defining the neural representation of ethologically relevant odor dynamics, our work will advance a general understanding of how the brain implements short-term memory for input that changes through time, which is essential to guide successful behavior.

摘要 短期记忆是认知的重要组成部分。在这里，我们将调查一个行为学 引导导航行为的短期记忆的相关形式：气味浓度的记忆 嗅嗅。在对自由移动的动物的研究中，这种嗅觉记忆已经被证明可以指导嗅觉搜索， 但这些实验中的刺激很难控制和测量。为了更好地控制浓度 波动，我们已经开发出一种系统，用于呈现刺激，快速改变头部的浓度- 固定老鼠利用这个系统，我们发现嗅球的神经元具有intersniff记忆， 其反应取决于先前嗅闻中的刺激。在这里，我们将研究持续时间， 分辨率和使用电生理学的intersniff记忆表征的细胞基础，2-光子 成像和高分辨率行为分析。 从头部固定实验中推断出的intersniff记忆代码会推广到自然行为吗？到 为了回答这个问题，我们建立了一个无限制的嗅觉导航测定。老鼠学习这个任务 通过跟踪气味浓度的变化来快速解决任务。我们发现老鼠执行一个 与嗅闻周期精确同步的三维运动曲目。重要的是， 只有当动物能够在环境中自然地移动时，这些行为动力学才会显现出来。 这些移动如何影响intersniff内存表示？我们的行为任务给了我们一个 前所未有的机会来测试感受野模型来自控制简单的刺激， 自然主义的刺激和运动的背景。对于给定的小鼠，我们将首先记录头部固定， 在该条件下确定intersniff存储器编码。然后我们将在同一只老鼠身上测试同样的神经元 in our behavioral行为task任务.头部固定的编码规则在多大程度上能预测自由移动的 条件？通过定义行为学相关气味动力学的神经表征，我们的工作将 推进对大脑如何对变化的输入实现短期记忆的一般理解 这对指导成功的行为至关重要。