Next-generation human connectome atlas across the timespan of brain development

摘要 高效和隔离的连接体的形成始于妊娠晚期，从婴儿期、儿童期、青春期一直发展到成年期。然而，尽管人们努力评估连接体的寿命，但对连接体发育的精确和全面的描述-阐明人类发育多个年龄段的神经连接体-研究得较少。人脑连接体基本上是由组成功能电路和全球网络组织的细胞到细胞的连接所支撑的。神经连接的区域性中断可能是包括精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍在内的神经精神障碍的基础。在这项研究中，我们将建立独特的下一代全脑连接图谱，其连接数据的分辨率为各向同性1毫米或亚毫米，以获得迄今无法获得的关于人类大脑发育和神经精神疾病的见解。发育中的连接体图谱可能与基因表达的精确时空模式有关，这种模式可以区分大脑区域、细胞类型和发育时期。该图集将通过一个综合门户网站免费向公众传播。

ABSTRACT The formation of a highly efficient and segregated connectome begins during the third trimester and develops throughout infancy, childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. However, precise and comprehensive delineation of the development of the connectome – elucidating the neural connectome at multiple ages of human development - has been less well studied despite efforts made to assess the lifespan connectome. The human brain connectome is fundamentally underlaid by the cell-to-cell connections that comprise the functional circuitry and global network organization. Region-specific disruptions to neural connectivity may underlie neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. In this study, we will establish unique next-generation whole-brain connectomic atlas with connectomic data with resolution of isotropic 1mm or submillimeter during human infancy and childhood to gain hitherto unattainable insights into human brain development and neuropsychiatric disease. The developmental connectome atlas can be potentially associated with precise spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression that differentiate brain regions, cell types, and developmental periods. This atlas will be freely disseminated to the public through an integrated web portal.