Next-generation human connectome atlas across the timespan of brain development

摘要 高效分离的连接体的形成始于妊娠晚期，并在婴儿期、儿童期、青春期和成年期发展。然而，精确和全面的描绘连接体的发展-阐明在人类发展的多个年龄段的神经连接体-尽管努力评估寿命连接体，但研究较少。人脑连接体的基础是细胞与细胞之间的连接，这些连接构成了功能电路和全球网络组织。区域特异性的神经连接中断可能是神经精神障碍的基础，包括精神分裂症和自闭症谱系障碍。在这项研究中，我们将建立独特的下一代全脑连接组图谱，在人类婴儿期和儿童期使用分辨率为各向同性1 mm或亚毫米的连接组数据，以获得迄今为止无法实现的对人类大脑发育和神经精神疾病的见解。发育连接组图谱可能与区分大脑区域、细胞类型和发育时期的基因表达的精确时空模式相关。该地图集将通过一个综合门户网站免费向公众传播。

ABSTRACT The formation of a highly efficient and segregated connectome begins during the third trimester and develops throughout infancy, childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood. However, precise and comprehensive delineation of the development of the connectome – elucidating the neural connectome at multiple ages of human development - has been less well studied despite efforts made to assess the lifespan connectome. The human brain connectome is fundamentally underlaid by the cell-to-cell connections that comprise the functional circuitry and global network organization. Region-specific disruptions to neural connectivity may underlie neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. In this study, we will establish unique next-generation whole-brain connectomic atlas with connectomic data with resolution of isotropic 1mm or submillimeter during human infancy and childhood to gain hitherto unattainable insights into human brain development and neuropsychiatric disease. The developmental connectome atlas can be potentially associated with precise spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression that differentiate brain regions, cell types, and developmental periods. This atlas will be freely disseminated to the public through an integrated web portal.