The novel innate immune-antagonistic effects of ectromelia virus C15 protein
The novel innate immune-antagonistic effects of ectromelia virus C15 protein
批准号:
10316985
负责人:
Elise Peauroi
金额:
$3.34万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2020
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2020-07-01 至 2022-06-30
关键词:
Adaptor Signaling ProteinBindingBiological AssayBioterrorismCD4 Positive T LymphocytesCell CountCell physiologyCellsComplexCoupledCytolysisDataDependenceDiseaseEffector CellFamilyFlow CytometryGenesGoalsGranzymeHomologous GeneHumanIL2RG geneImmuneImmune TargetingImmune responseIn VitroInfectionInfectious EctromeliaInnate Immune ResponseInvestigationKnock-outKnockout MiceKnowledgeLeadLeukocytesLigandsLinkLiteratureMediatingMolecular TargetMonkeypoxMorbidity - disease rateMouse Pox VirusMusNatural ImmunityNatural Killer CellsOrganOrthopoxvirusPathogenesisPathogenicityPhasePlayPoxviridaePoxviridae InfectionsProductionProtein FamilyProteinsPublic HealthRecording of previous eventsRoleSmallpoxStainsT cell responseT-Cell ActivationT-LymphocyteTYROBP geneTestingTherapeutic UsesTimeViralViral GenomeViral ProteinsVirulenceVirulence FactorsVirulentVirusVirus ReplicationWorkZoonosesadaptive immunityarmcell typecytokineimmune activationimmunological synapse formationimmunoregulationin vivoinsightmortalitynovelprotein functionreceptorreplication factor Aresponsesuccesstargeted treatment
中文摘要
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英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
Smallpox was one of the deadliest diseases in human history, and despite its eradication, orthopoxviruses
continue to pose a significant public health threat due to bioterrorism concerns and zoonoses. The virulence of
these viruses relies upon their evasion of host immune responses by a large arsenal of immunomodulatory
proteins. One of these proteins is the C15 protein of ectromelia virus, the cause of mousepox, which
significantly impacts virulence in vivo. This protein is the largest in the viral genome and has homologs in the
virulent orthopoxviruses, including the agents of smallpox and monkeypox, but no homology to any protein
outside this family. Previous work has shown that C15 inhibits CD4 T cell activation, but I have recently
determined that C15 significantly enhances viral replication in vivo at times that precede the onset of adaptive
immunity, suggesting the existence of a second innate immune targeting function. The goal of this project is to
understand this novel role of C15 early in infection.
Preliminary work has shown that C15 maintains its replication-promoting effect in RAG KO but not RAG
IL2RG double KO mice, implying the targeting of NK cells. Further analyses indicate C15 targeting of another
RAG-dependent component of the innate immune response, most likely gd T cells. In searching for a unifying
molecular target, additional preliminary data implicates the NK gene complex;; NKG2D is a receptor encoded
within the NK complex that is capable of activating both NK cells and gd T cells. I therefore hypothesize that
C15 inhibits NKG2D-mediated recognition of infected cells by NK and gd T cells, thereby inhibiting immune
control of viral replication.
To test this hypothesis, I propose three independent and complementary specific aims, each investigating
the impact of C15 on one of the three components of the hypothesis. The first aim will identify the impact of
C15 on NK cell function, using a set of orthogonal in vivo and in vitro approaches. The second aim will test the
hypothesis that C15 targets gd T cells using similarly comprehensive approaches. The third aim will test the
hypothesis that C15 targets NKG2D-mediated activation of immune cells by interrogating the importance of
NKG2D and its adaptors DAP10 and DAP12 for the early impact of C15 in vivo as well as the impact of C15 on
expression of NKG2D ligands.
The identification of separate innate and adaptive immunomodulatory functions in a single viral protein is
highly unique. The proposed studies will provide insight into the exceptional virulence of the orthopoxviruses,
including those of particular public health concern, and could lead to the use of this protein family as an
immune targeting therapeutic strategy.
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The novel innate immune-antagonistic effects of ectromelia virus C15 protein
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批准号:10065787
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$3.29万
-
财政年份:2020
-
负责人:Elise Peauroi
-
依托单位:
国内基金
海外基金
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