Toxicity testing of fresh and photochemically aged burn pit smoke emissions

新鲜和光化学老化燃烧坑烟雾排放的毒性测试

• 批准号: 10319179
• 负责人: Yong Ho Kim
• 金额: $ 7.78万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-12-15 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10319179
• 关键词: Address; Afghanistan; Aging; Air; Air Pollution; Analytical Chemistry; Area; Atmosphere; Automobile Driving; Bacteria; Biological; Biological Markers; Biomass; Burn injury; Cellular biology; Chemical Evolution; Chemicals; Chemistry; Collaborations; Communities; Community Health; DNA Damage; Data; Disease; Dust; Epithelial Cells; Exhibits; Exposure to; Future; Geology; Goals; Health; Health Professional; High Prevalence; Human; Human Resources; In Vitro; Incidence; Inflammatory; Investigation; Iraq; Laboratories; Lead; Link; Liquid substance; Lung; Measures; Methods; Middle East; Military Personnel; Mutation; North Carolina; Outcome; Particulate Matter; Persons; Phase; Photochemistry; Poison; Population; Process; Production; Property; Public Health; Reaction; Reporting; Research; Research Design; Respiratory distress; Risk; Role; Salmonella; Science; Severities; Site; Smoke; Source; System; Techniques; Testing; Toxic effect; Toxicity Tests; Toxicology; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; United States Environmental Protection Agency; Universities; Veterans; War; Wildfire; Wood material; base; bronchial epithelium; burn pit; cytotoxicity; exhaust; improved; in vitro Model; innovation; interest; lung injury; military service; novel; novel strategies; oxidation; pollutant; respiratory; response; simulation; skills; wasting

Project Summary A burn pit, a common way to get rid of waste at United States (U.S.) military bases in war zones (e.g., Iraq and Afghanistan), produces potentially toxic compounds in the air. As a result, tens of thousands of deployed military and civilian personnel are exposed to burn pit smoke during their military service. Importantly, burn pit smoke can react in the atmosphere to produce secondary (aged) products that may have even greater toxicity. Consequently, the actual composition of what one is exposed to is mostly aged products not what is freshly emitted from burn pit combustions. Thus, it is critical to understand the health consequences of aged burn pit smoke exposure. While there is a high prevalence of respiratory conditions in veterans returning from war zones, the relationship to burn pit smoke exposure is not well understood. Particularly, the variabilities in toxicological responses to aged and fresh burn pit smoke have yet to be fully established and evaluated in the context of chemical composition. To address this important research issue, we will use novel approaches to 1) simulate burn pit smoke emissions in the atmosphere, 2) evaluate their mutagenic and lung toxic responses following exposures, and 3) determine rank order of adverse health effects induced by different burn pit emissions. Specific aim 1 will determine differences in physico-chemical properties of fresh and aged burn pit smoke. Specific aim 2 will use in vitro models to identify key factor(s) of the burn pit smoke that are likely driving their biological responses. This research will be carried out through a collaboration with laboratories at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the University of North Carolina, and North Carolina State University, allowing for a unique combination of expertise in combustion science, analytical chemistry, and cell biology. This project will provide critical information needed to characterize chemical evolution of burn pit smoke in the atmosphere and to identify primary chemical drivers of possible adverse health effects (mutagenic and lung toxic effects) associated with aged burn pit smoke exposure.

项目摘要 燃烧坑，一种常见的方式来摆脱废物在美国（美国）战区中的军事基地（例如，伊拉克和 阿富汗），在空气中产生潜在的有毒化合物。因此，部署在阿富汗的数万名军事人员 文职人员在服兵役期间暴露于燃烧坑烟雾。重要的是，燃烧坑烟雾 可在大气中发生反应，产生可能具有更大毒性的次级（老化）产物。 因此，人们接触到的实际成分大多是老化的产品，而不是新鲜的产品 从燃烧坑燃烧中释放出来。因此，了解老化烧伤坑的健康后果至关重要 烟雾暴露。 虽然从战区返回的退伍军人中呼吸系统疾病的患病率很高， 对燃烧坑烟雾暴露的认识还不很清楚。特别是，毒理学反应的变异性， 老化的和新鲜的燃烧坑烟雾尚未完全建立和评价的化学背景下， 混合物.为了解决这个重要的研究问题，我们将使用新的方法来1）模拟烧伤坑 大气中的烟雾排放，2）评估暴露后的致突变和肺毒性反应， 3）确定不同燃烧坑排放物对健康危害的等级顺序。具体目标1 将确定新鲜和老化的焚烧坑烟雾的物理化学性质的差异。具体目标2将 使用体外模型来确定可能驱动其生物反应的燃烧坑烟雾的关键因素。 这项研究将通过与美国环境保护局的实验室合作进行。 代理，北卡罗来纳州大学和北卡罗来纳州州立大学，允许一个独特的组合 拥有燃烧科学、分析化学和细胞生物学方面的专业知识。该项目将提供关键的 描述大气中燃烧坑烟雾的化学演变特征和识别 可能对健康产生不利影响（致突变和肺毒性影响）的主要化学驱动因素 老年烧伤坑烟雾暴露。

项目成果

Chemistry and lung toxicity of particulate matter emitted from firearms.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24856-5
• 发表时间: 2022-12-01
• 期刊: SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
• 影响因子: 4.6
• 作者: Kim, Yong Ho;Vance, Samuel A.;Aurell, Johanna;Holder, Amara L.;Pancras, Joseph Patrick;Gullett, Brian;Gavett, Stephen H.;McNesby, Kevin L.;Gilmour, M. Ian
• 通讯作者: Gilmour, M. Ian

Computational Approach to Link Chemicals in Anthropogenic Smoke Particulate Matter with Toxicity.

将人为烟雾颗粒物中的化学物质与毒性联系起来的计算方法。

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00270
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Chemical research in toxicology
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Kim,YongHo;Rager,JuliaE;Jaspers,Ilona;Gilmour,MIan
• 通讯作者: Gilmour,MIan