Toxicity testing of fresh and photochemically aged burn pit smoke emissions

项目摘要 焚烧坑是美国处理垃圾的一种常见方式战区的军事基地(例如，伊拉克和 (阿富汗)，在空气中产生潜在的有毒化合物。结果，数以万计的军队部署了 文职人员在服兵役期间暴露在燃烧的矿井烟雾中。重要的是，燃烧坑内的烟雾 可在大气中反应，产生二次(陈年)产品，可能具有更大的毒性。 因此，一个人接触到的实际成分大多是陈年产品，而不是新鲜的 从燃烧坑燃烧中排放出来的。因此，了解老化烧伤坑的健康后果是至关重要的。 暴露在烟雾中。 虽然从战区返回的退伍军人中呼吸系统疾病的发病率很高，但这种关系 人们对焚烧矿坑烟雾暴露还没有很好的了解。特别是，毒理学反应的变异性 陈年的和新鲜的燃烧坑烟雾尚未完全确定，并在化学品的背景下进行评估 组成。为了解决这个重要的研究问题，我们将使用新的方法来模拟燃烧坑 大气中的烟雾排放，2)评估暴露后的致突变和肺毒性反应， 3)确定不同焚烧坑排放对人体健康影响的大小排序。具体目标1 将确定新鲜和陈年燃烧坑烟雾的物理化学性质的差异。特定目标2将 使用体外模型来确定可能驱动其生物反应的燃烧坑烟雾的关键因素(S)。 这项研究将通过与美国环境保护局的实验室合作进行 机构，北卡罗来纳大学和北卡罗来纳州立大学，允许一个独特的组合 燃烧科学、分析化学和细胞生物学方面的专业知识。该项目将提供关键的 描述大气中燃烧坑烟雾的化学演化和识别 可能对健康造成不良影响(致突变和肺毒性影响)的主要化学驱动因素 陈年烧伤坑烟雾暴露。

Project Summary A burn pit, a common way to get rid of waste at United States (U.S.) military bases in war zones (e.g., Iraq and Afghanistan), produces potentially toxic compounds in the air. As a result, tens of thousands of deployed military and civilian personnel are exposed to burn pit smoke during their military service. Importantly, burn pit smoke can react in the atmosphere to produce secondary (aged) products that may have even greater toxicity. Consequently, the actual composition of what one is exposed to is mostly aged products not what is freshly emitted from burn pit combustions. Thus, it is critical to understand the health consequences of aged burn pit smoke exposure. While there is a high prevalence of respiratory conditions in veterans returning from war zones, the relationship to burn pit smoke exposure is not well understood. Particularly, the variabilities in toxicological responses to aged and fresh burn pit smoke have yet to be fully established and evaluated in the context of chemical composition. To address this important research issue, we will use novel approaches to 1) simulate burn pit smoke emissions in the atmosphere, 2) evaluate their mutagenic and lung toxic responses following exposures, and 3) determine rank order of adverse health effects induced by different burn pit emissions. Specific aim 1 will determine differences in physico-chemical properties of fresh and aged burn pit smoke. Specific aim 2 will use in vitro models to identify key factor(s) of the burn pit smoke that are likely driving their biological responses. This research will be carried out through a collaboration with laboratories at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the University of North Carolina, and North Carolina State University, allowing for a unique combination of expertise in combustion science, analytical chemistry, and cell biology. This project will provide critical information needed to characterize chemical evolution of burn pit smoke in the atmosphere and to identify primary chemical drivers of possible adverse health effects (mutagenic and lung toxic effects) associated with aged burn pit smoke exposure.