Role of Radial Glial Tiling in the Formation and Malformation of the Cerebral Cortex

极化的放射状胶质细胞(RGC)的规则间隔、不重叠、平铺组织 作为一个指导框架，在发育中的大脑中产生和组织神经元 大脑皮层。发育中的大脑皮层的这一基本细胞特征的破坏导致 一系列神经发育障碍(例如自闭症、精神分裂症和癫痫)和 脑畸形(例如，无脑畸形、脑裂畸形、小脑畸形和 大脑回/小脑回)。然而，关于放射状神经胶质瓦片的分子逻辑和 它如何驱动大脑皮层的适当形成。我们发现RGC瓷砖是 依赖于Memo1(细胞运动调节因子1)。MEMO1基因突变会导致自闭症。 因此，Memo1提供了一个窗口，可以了解指示径向胶质瓦片和 大脑皮层的结果集合。利用前身特定技术的最新进展 基于Memo1、MADM基因模型的小鼠放射状胶质细胞分化图谱 Memo1相互作用组，Memo1细胞功能的机械解剖，Memo1的实时成像 Memo1基因缺陷的放射状胶质细胞功能及其突变的功能分析 自闭症先证者，我们的目标是(A)发现Memo1在RGC和RGC瓦片中的作用 大脑皮层的形成，(B)确定Memo1相互作用体 并确定RGC平铺，以及(C)询问MEMO1对皮质的贡献 与自闭症有关的畸形。总而言之，这项工作的结果将揭示 放射状胶质细胞瓦片背后的分子逻辑，这一过程与皮质 以及这一过程中的变化如何导致大脑畸形和 神经发育障碍。重要的是，了解放射状胶质细胞是如何组装的 并适当组织以促进大脑皮层的形成提供了机会 为更好地诊断和治疗提供服务，重新制定皮质生成规则 转化为神经发育障碍。

Regularly interspaced, non-overlapping, tiled organization of polarized radial glial cells (RGCs) serves as an instructive framework to generate and organize neurons in the developing cerebral cortex. Disruptions in this fundamental cellular feature of the developing cerebral cortex lead to a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism, schizophrenia, and epilepsy) and brain malformations (e.g., lissencephaly, schizencephaly, microencephaly, and macro/microgyria). However, little is known about the molecular logic of radial glial tiling and how it drives the appropriate formation of the cerebral cortex. We discovered that RGC tiling is dependent on Memo1 (Mediator of cell motility 1). Genetic mutations in MEMO1 lead to autism. Memo1 thus provides a window into the mechanisms that instruct radial glial tiling and the resultant assembly of the cerebral cortex. Leveraging the latest advances in progenitor specific mouse genetic models of Memo1, MADM based profiling of radial glial differentiation, mapping of Memo1 interactome, mechanistic dissection of cellular functions of Memo1, live imaging of Memo1 deficient radial glial cell functions, and functional analysis of MEMO1 mutation from autism probands, we aim to (a) discover the role of Memo1 in the tiling of RGCs and the resultant formation of the cerebral cortex, (b) identify the Memo1 interactome that contributes to and determines RGC tiling, and (c) interrogate the contributions of MEMO1 to cortical malformations associated with autism. Collectively, the outcome of this work will reveal the molecular logic underlying radial glial tiling, the vital relevance of this process for cortical development, and how changes in this process can cause brain malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders. Importantly, understanding how radial glial cells are assembled and organized appropriately to facilitate cerebral cortical formation offers the opportunity to redraw the rules of corticogenesis in the service of better diagnostic and therapeutic insights into neurodevelopmental disorders.