Adolescent substance use as determinant and consequence of the school-to-prison pipeline: Disentangling individual risk, social determinants, and group disparities

项目摘要/摘要 这个导师研究科学家发展奖(K01)的目的是帮助我成为一名 独立调查员，对个人、学校和 使青少年面临药物使用和司法系统接触风险的社区因素。具体来说，我 提议调查一个以前未探讨过的问题：物质使用作为决定因素的作用和 “从学校到监狱的管道”的后果--一套政策和做法，使一些人更有可能 青少年在刑事司法系统中变得根深蒂固，而不是接受优质教育。培训 从这次K01中，我可以(1)学习和应用更专业的、先进的定量方法在复杂 用于调解和互动的嵌套数据和因果推理；(2)获得种族和LGBTQ健康方面的专业知识 差距和(3)青少年健康和少年司法；(4)获得拨款的技能，专业人员 提交我的第一份R01提案所需的开发、采样方法和数据收集/获取。 我的职业发展计划包括具体的研讨会、研讨会、课程、会议和量身定做 由社会/行为科学专家组成的多学科团队提供指导，高级量化 方法、青少年药物使用轨迹和精神疾病、种族和LGBTQ在健康方面的差异 和学校纪律，学校政策和青少年健康，青少年接触刑事司法系统， 犯罪学理论和青少年司法。拟议的研究特别重要，因为学校- 自20世纪90年代以来，基于逮捕的人数飙升了300%-500%，校外停学(这是学校停学人数的两倍 被逮捕的风险)在过去40年中增加了一倍多。然而，在知识方面存在着巨大的差距。 关于这些趋势对公共健康的影响，因为(1)有药物使用问题的青少年 增加了对司法系统的暴露风险，而对司法系统的暴露增加了随后 物质使用问题的风险；(2)物质使用是一种典型的“零容忍”违规行为，牵涉到学校 纪律/逮捕；以及(3)在学校纪律和性取向方面存在已知的种族和性取向差异 物质使用。为了填补这一空白，拟议的研究将(1)调查 药物使用、教师/学校因素、学校纪律、社区因素和基于学校的逮捕 前所未有的关于学生、教师、学校和社区的多层次、多源数据；(2)确定 可改变的个人、教师、学校和社区因素是否解释种族和LGBTQ在 与药物使用有关的学校纪律/逮捕；及(3)检验两者之间是否存在相互关系 吸毒、学校纪律和校本逮捕。该项目将通知NIDA R01提案 将扩大和进一步发展K01研究成果。我通过K01获得的新技能将使我 成为一名将药物使用、公共卫生和刑事司法融为一体的独立研究人员 他是研究与物质使用有关的学校到监狱管道的为数不多的调查人员之一。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The purpose of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to help me become an independent investigator who conducts interdisciplinary, policy-relevant research on the individual, school, and community factors that put adolescents at risk for substance use and justice system contact. Specifically, I propose to investigate an issue previously unexplored: the role of substance use as a determinant and consequence of the “school-to-prison pipeline”—a set of policies and practices that make it more likely for some adolescents to become entrenched in the criminal justice system than to receive a quality education. The training from this K01 will allow me to (1) learn and apply more specialized, advance quantitative methods in complex nested data and causal inference for mediation and interaction; (2) gain expertise in racial and LGBTQ health disparities and (3) adolescent health and juvenile justice; and (4) gain skills in grant-writing, professional development, sampling methods, and data collection/acquisition necessary for submitting my first R01 proposal. My career development plan includes specific seminars, workshops, coursework, conferences, and tailored mentoring from a multidisciplinary team comprising experts in social/behavioral sciences, advanced quantitative methods, adolescent trajectories of substance use and mental illness, racial and LGBTQ disparities in health and school discipline, school policy and adolescent health, adolescent exposure to the criminal justice system, and criminological theory and juvenile justice. The proposed research is particularly important because school- based arrests have skyrocketed 300-500% since the 1990s, and out-of-school suspensions (which double the risk of arrest) have more than doubled over the past 40 years. However, there is a substantial gap in knowledge about the public health consequences of these trends, given that (1) adolescents with substance use problems have increased risk of exposure to the justice system, and exposure to the justice system increases subsequent risk of substance use problems; (2) substance use is a prototypical “zero tolerance” infraction implicated in school discipline/arrest; and (3) there are known racial and sexual orientation disparities in school discipline and substance use. To fill this gap, the proposed research will (1) investigate prospective associations among substance use, teacher/school factors, school discipline, community factors, and school-based arrests with unprecedented multi-level, multi-source data on students, teachers, schools, and communities; (2) determine whether modifiable individual, teacher, school, and community factors explain racial and LGBTQ disparities in substance-use-related school discipline/arrests; and (3) test whether there is a reciprocal relationship between substance use, school discipline, and school-based arrests. This project will inform a NIDA R01 proposal that will expand and further develop K01 research findings. The new skills I acquire through this K01 will position me to become an independent researcher who integrates substance use, public health, and criminal justice research, and one of the few investigators studying the substance-use-related school-to-prison pipeline.