Adolescent substance use as determinant and consequence of the school-to-prison pipeline: Disentangling individual risk, social determinants, and group disparities

青少年药物使用作为学校到监狱渠道的决定因素和后果：理清个人风险、社会决定因素和群体差异

• 批准号: 10331308
• 负责人: Seth Jacob PRINS
• 金额: $ 16.86万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-02-01 至 2024-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10331308
• 关键词: Address; Administrator; Adolescent; Adult; Area; California; Censuses; Characteristics; Civil Rights; Color; Communities; Complex; Criminal Justice; Criminology; Data; Data Collection; Data Set; Development; Development Plans; Discipline; Education; Educational workshop; Exposure to; Future Teacher; Goals; Grant; Health; Health education; Imprisonment; Individual; Intervention; Justice; Knowledge; Learning; Lesbian Gay Bisexual Transgender; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Mental disorders; Mentored Research Scientist Development Award; Mentors; Mentorship; Methods; National Institute of Drug Abuse; National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Police; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Prisons; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Research Training; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Sampling; School Teachers; Schools; Sex Orientation; Source; Students; Supervision; Surveys; Suspensions; System; Testing; Time; Training; United States; Writing; adolescent health; adolescent substance use; base; behavioral/social science; career development; community-level factor; educational atmosphere; experience; health disparity; multidisciplinary; programs; prospective; segregation; skills; social determinants; substance use; symposium; teacher; theories; trend

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The purpose of this Mentored Research Scientist Development Award (K01) is to help me become an independent investigator who conducts interdisciplinary, policy-relevant research on the individual, school, and community factors that put adolescents at risk for substance use and justice system contact. Specifically, I propose to investigate an issue previously unexplored: the role of substance use as a determinant and consequence of the “school-to-prison pipeline”—a set of policies and practices that make it more likely for some adolescents to become entrenched in the criminal justice system than to receive a quality education. The training from this K01 will allow me to (1) learn and apply more specialized, advance quantitative methods in complex nested data and causal inference for mediation and interaction; (2) gain expertise in racial and LGBTQ health disparities and (3) adolescent health and juvenile justice; and (4) gain skills in grant-writing, professional development, sampling methods, and data collection/acquisition necessary for submitting my first R01 proposal. My career development plan includes specific seminars, workshops, coursework, conferences, and tailored mentoring from a multidisciplinary team comprising experts in social/behavioral sciences, advanced quantitative methods, adolescent trajectories of substance use and mental illness, racial and LGBTQ disparities in health and school discipline, school policy and adolescent health, adolescent exposure to the criminal justice system, and criminological theory and juvenile justice. The proposed research is particularly important because school- based arrests have skyrocketed 300-500% since the 1990s, and out-of-school suspensions (which double the risk of arrest) have more than doubled over the past 40 years. However, there is a substantial gap in knowledge about the public health consequences of these trends, given that (1) adolescents with substance use problems have increased risk of exposure to the justice system, and exposure to the justice system increases subsequent risk of substance use problems; (2) substance use is a prototypical “zero tolerance” infraction implicated in school discipline/arrest; and (3) there are known racial and sexual orientation disparities in school discipline and substance use. To fill this gap, the proposed research will (1) investigate prospective associations among substance use, teacher/school factors, school discipline, community factors, and school-based arrests with unprecedented multi-level, multi-source data on students, teachers, schools, and communities; (2) determine whether modifiable individual, teacher, school, and community factors explain racial and LGBTQ disparities in substance-use-related school discipline/arrests; and (3) test whether there is a reciprocal relationship between substance use, school discipline, and school-based arrests. This project will inform a NIDA R01 proposal that will expand and further develop K01 research findings. The new skills I acquire through this K01 will position me to become an independent researcher who integrates substance use, public health, and criminal justice research, and one of the few investigators studying the substance-use-related school-to-prison pipeline.

项目概要/摘要 指导研究科学家发展奖（K01）的目的是帮助我成为一名 对个人、学校和社会进行跨学科、政策相关研究的独立调查员 使青少年面临药物滥用和司法系统接触风险的社区因素。具体来说，我 提议调查一个以前未探讨过的问题：物质使用作为决定因素的作用和 “学校到监狱管道”的后果——一系列政策和做法使某些人更有可能 青少年进入刑事司法系统比接受优质教育更重要。培训内容 从这个 K01 中，我将能够 (1) 学习和应用更专业、更先进的复杂定量方法 用于中介和交互的嵌套数据和因果推理； (2) 获得种族和 LGBTQ 健康方面的专业知识 (3) 青少年健康和少年司法； (4) 获得拨款写作、专业技能 提交我的第一个 R01 提案所需的开发、抽样方法和数据收集/获取。 我的职业发展计划包括具体的研讨会、讲习班、课程作业、会议和量身定制的 由社会/行为科学、高级定量专家组成的多学科团队提供指导 方法、青少年药物滥用和精神疾病轨迹、种族和 LGBTQ 健康差异 和学校纪律、学校政策和青少年健康、青少年接触刑事司法系统的机会， 以及犯罪学理论和少年司法。拟议的研究特别重要，因为学校- 自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，基于学校的逮捕猛增了 300-500%，校外停学（是 被捕的风险）在过去 40 年里增加了一倍多。但知识上存在很大差距 关于这些趋势对公共卫生的影响，因为 (1) 有药物滥用问题的青少年 暴露于司法系统的风险增加，随后暴露于司法系统的风险也随之增加 物质使用问题的风险； (2) 物质使用是学校中典型的“零容忍”违规行为 纪律/逮捕； (3) 学校纪律中存在已知的种族和性取向差异； 物质的使用。为了填补这一空白，拟议的研究将（1）调查之间的前瞻性关联 物质使用、教师/学校因素、学校纪律、社区因素和基于学校的逮捕 前所未有的多层次、多来源的学生、教师、学校和社区数据； (2)确定 可改变的个人、教师、学校和社区因素是否可以解释种族和 LGBTQ 的差异 与药物使用相关的学校纪律/逮捕； (3)检验两者之间是否存在相互关系 药物使用、学校纪律和校内逮捕。该项目将告知 NIDA R01 提案： 将扩大和进一步发展K01的研究成果。我通过 K01 获得的新技能将使我定位 成为一名整合药物使用、公共卫生和刑事司法的独立研究员 研究人员，也是少数研究与药物使用相关的学校到监狱渠道的调查人员之一。