Estimating the impact of the school-to-prison pipeline on adolescent health: racialized,spatial disparities in policing, school discipline, substance use, and mental illness

评估从学校到监狱的管道对青少年健康的影响：治安、学校纪律、药物使用和精神疾病方面的种族和空间差异

• 批准号: 10633824
• 负责人: Seth Jacob PRINS
• 金额: $ 74.74万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-15 至 2028-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10633824
• 关键词: Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Risk Behavior; Adult; African American student; Alcohols; Area; Black race; Cannabis; Cities; Collaborations; Color; Communities; Data; Data Linkages; Data Science; Data Set; Databases; Development; Discipline; Disparity; Drug usage; Education; Epidemiologic Methods; Epidemiology; Geography; Health; Health Status; High Prevalence; Incidence; Individual; Inpatients; Institutional Racism; Knowledge; Legal system; Link; Low income; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Neighborhoods; New York City; Nurses; Outcome; Outpatients; Pathway interactions; Police; Police Forces; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Prevalence; Prevention; Prisons; Professional counselor; Psychiatric Hospitals; Psychiatric epidemiology; Psychologist; Psychopathology; Public Health; Punishment; Race; Records; Research; Research Personnel; Schools; Security; Social Workers; Sociology; Structural Racism; Student Health Services; Students; Substance Use Disorder; Surveys; Suspensions; System; Techniques; Testing; Tobacco; Visit; Vulnerable Populations; adolescent health; adolescent substance use; alcohol tobacco and other drug use; critical developmental period; disorder prevention; experience; federal policy; health disparity; health equity; health record; high school; improved; interest; juvenile justice system; people of color; population health; prevent; psychiatric symptom; public health intervention; racial disparity; racism; response; school health; simulation; social; social epidemiology; spatial epidemiology; substance use; substance use treatment; theories; trend; twelfth grade

PROJECT SUMMARY: Over 10 million students in the US attend schools with police but no counselor, nurse, psychologist, or social worker. Yet, more than a third of the low proportion of adolescents who receive the substance use treatment they need (6%) access it only at school; they are disproportionately Black and low- income. Schools are thus crucial public health intervention targets for substance use and mental health treatment, prevention, and health equity therein. But instead, many adolescents experience school as a school- to-prison pipeline; a set of policies and practices that criminalize adolescents and ensnare them in the legal system rather than provide support for underlying educational and developmental needs. School-based arrests increased 300-500% and exclusionary school discipline (suspensions and expulsions) doubled over the past 40 years. Black students are more than three times as likely to be suspended or expelled as white students, all else equal, and students removed from school are more than twice as likely to be arrested in the same month than those not removed. Our preliminary evidence suggests that the school-to-prison pipeline is a previously unidentified population driver of adolescent substance use and mental illness. Moreover, the pipeline coincides with rises in aggressive community policing in schools’ surrounding communities. However, there is no research on the public health implications of these intersecting trends. In the proposed R01, we will collaborate with the New York City Office of School Health (OSH) to quantify relationships between aggressive community policing, school discipline, and student substance use/mental illness in NYC. We will create a unique geocoded 2000- 2022 dataset linking all police stops/arrests; school- and student-level exclusionary discipline; restricted school- level Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) data (e.g., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, other drug use); and OSH’s database of student health services records (e.g., nurse, counselor visits, referrals to mental health/substance use treatment). We will (Aim 1) characterize direct and mediated relationships between community policing and school discipline on school-level and (Aim 2) student-level substance use and mental health outcomes; and test (Aim 3) whether the intensity of policing around schools modifies the relationship between school discipline and student substance use/mental health. In all aims, we will test whether structural and institutional racism in policing and school discipline modify hypothesized relationships. This high-impact project responds to NIDA’s interest in improving SUD treatment for vulnerable populations in schools and the juvenile justice system, as well as leveraging data science to improve SUD prevention. Our diverse, interdisciplinary team, led by an early-stage investigator PI, has expertise in substance use, psychiatric, and social epidemiology; school health; the sociology of racialized disparities in population health, education, and policing; spatial epidemiology/health geography; and data science. Findings will be utilized by policymakers and project stakeholders (including city, state, and federal policymakers) working to end the school-to-prison pipeline and prevent adolescent substance use/mental illness.

项目摘要：美国超过1000万学生与警察一起上学，但没有辅导员，护士， 心理学家或社会工作者。然而，超过三分之一的低比例的青少年 他们需要的药物治疗（6％）仅在学校访问；它们的黑色和低 - 收入。因此，学校是用于吸毒和心理健康的关键公共卫生干预目标 其中的治疗，预防和健康公平。但是，相反，许多青少年在学校里经历了学校 - 分类管道；将青少年定为犯罪的一系列政策和实践，并将其纳入法律 系统而不是为基本的教育和发展需求提供支持。基于学校的目的地 在过去的40个中增加了300-500％，排除学院的纪律（停学和开除）翻了一番 年。黑人学生的暂停或探索的可能性是白人学生的三倍以上 平等，在同一个月被捕的学生被捕的可能性是 那些没有被删除。我们的初步证据表明，学校到监狱的管道是以前的 青少年物质使用和精神疾病的身份不明的人口驱动力。此外，管道重合 在学校周围社区的积极进取的社区政策中，随着社区政策的增加。但是，没有研究 关于这些相交趋势的公共卫生影响。在拟议的R01中，我们将与 纽约市学校卫生办公室（OSH）量化积极的社区政策之间的关系， 纽约市的学校学科和学生使用/精神疾病。我们将创建一个独特的地理编码2000- 2022数据集将所有警察停靠/逮捕连接起来；学校和学生级排除学科；受限制的学校 水平青年风险行为调查（YRB）数据（例如烟草，酒精，大麻，其他药物使用）；和Osh的 学生健康服务记录数据库（例如，护士，辅导员访问，转介到心理健康/物质 使用治疗）。我们将（AIM 1）表征社区政策与 学校阶段的学校纪律和（AIM 2）学生水平的吸毒和心理健康成果；和测试 （目标3）学校周围的政策强度是否会改变学校纪律与 学生药物使用/心理健康。总体而言，我们将测试政策中的结构性种族主义和制度种族主义 学校纪律修改了假设的关系。这个高影响力的项目对NIDA的兴趣做出了回应 改善学校和少年司法系统中脆弱人群的SUD治疗以及 利用数据科学改善预防SUD。我们的潜水员跨学科团队，由早期阶段领导 PI研究者，在药物使用，精神病和社会流行病学方面具有专业知识；学校健康；社会学 人口健康，教育和政策中种族化的分布；空间流行病学/健康地理；和 数据科学。决策者和项目利益相关者（包括城市，州和联邦）将使用调查结果 政策制定者）​​致力于结束学校到监狱的管道并防止青春期药物使用/精神疾病。