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Spatial and nonspatial knowledge

空间和非空间知识

基本信息

批准号：
10334497
负责人：
RUSSELL A EPSTEIN
金额：
$ 44.94万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-02-01 至 2026-01-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10334497
关键词：
Address Alzheimer&apos s Disease Animals Architecture Articulation Behavior Behavioral Brain Brain region Cells Cities Code Cognition Cognitive Cognitive Science Complex Coupled Elements Environment Episodic memory Fire - disasters Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Future Graph Grouping Head Hippocampal Formation Human Imagination Impairment Individual Individual Differences Investigation Knowledge Life Location Maps Mediating Memory Methods Mind Nature Neighborhoods Neurocognitive Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurons Pattern Persons Play Process Psyche structure Psychologist Recording of previous events Research Rodent Role Route Scientist Self-Help Devices Semantic memory Semantics Stroke Structure Support System System Techniques Testing Thinking Traction Vision Visuospatial Work base behavior measurement behavioral study cognitive function cognitive neuroscience experimental study mental representation neural correlate neuroimaging neuromechanism neurophysiology normal aging operation prospective rehabilitation strategy relating to nervous system spatial memory spatial relationship theories way finding

项目摘要

Project Summary The ability to navigate from one place to another is essential for a flourishing and autonomous human life. Cognitive scientists have long believed that navigation in humans and animals is guided by mental representations of the spatial structure of the world, which are referred to as “cognitive maps” because they play a functional role that is similar to physical maps. Consistent with this idea, electrophysiologists have identified neurons in rodent brains that fire as a function of spatial variables that are essential elements of a cognitive map, such as location, distance, and heading direction, while cognitive neuroscientists have investigated possible neural correlates of cognitive maps in several regions of the human brain, including the hippocampal formation (HF) and the retrosplenial complex (RSC). Notably, these brain regions are also known to be essential for several important cognitive functions besides spatial navigation, including memory, imagination, and thinking about the future. However, despite this previous work, there remain two crucial gaps in our knowledge. First, we have an incomplete understanding of how cognitive maps are represented in the human brain. Behavioral studies indicate that our spatial knowledge is often fragmented, hierarchically organized, and distorted in multiple ways compared to metric truth, and we do not yet understand how these “real” cognitive maps are represented in brain structures such as HF and RSC. Most notably, we do not understand how the brain divides environments into spatial parts (such as rooms within a building, or neighborhoods in a city), and how it then combines these parts into a larger whole. Second, we do not yet have a good theory of how spatial cognitive maps can be applied to non-spatial domains, thus allowing brain structures such as HF and RSC to mediate both spatial and nonspatial functions. The current project will address these issues by using advanced neuroimaging techniques, such as multivoxel pattern analysis and individual difference analyses to: (i) identify the neural mechanisms that allow the brain to encode subspaces within a larger space; (ii) delineate the neural processes by which subspaces representations are combined into a larger cognitive map, and (iii) understand how the principles underlying spatial cognitive maps can be applied to nonspatial domains. This project has the potential to make a major and sustained advance in the field by resolving longstanding questions about the cognitive and neural systems underlying spatial navigation, and by providing fundamental knowledge about how the brain mediates a wide range of basic cognitive functions, including not just navigation, but also semantic and episodic memory, prospective thinking, and reasoning.

项目总结