Neural mechanisms of landmark-based navigation

项目摘要 我们存在的一个基本方面是，我们生活在一个空间延伸的世界里。至 在这个世界上生存和繁荣，我们必须有一些方法来有效地从 一处接一处。目前的项目重点是地标性建筑背后的神经机制- 基于导航(LBN)-由空间稳定的 环境。要实施LBN，一个人必须能够1)感知当地环境，2) 使用当地环境的特征来确定它们在世界上的位置和方向， 3)规划一条路线，将他们从当前位置带到他们的导航目标。在……里面 在之前的资助期间，我们使用了功能磁共振成像(FMRI)和 其他方法来识别人类大脑中参与这些操作的区域并 为这些区域分配职能角色。现在，我们试图整合这些发现，以理解 在现实生活中，这些神经/认知组件如何协同工作来实现LBN 航海插曲。在目标1中，我们将标识以下空间表示 在动态导航过程中同时活跃在人脑中，包括表征 位置和航向，以及导航目标的表示。在《目标2》中，我们试图 了解重新映射机制，使导航员能够通过复杂的世界 包含多个本地环境。在目标3中，我们将描述重定向机制。 允许导航员在失落后重新建立(或重新建立)位置和方向感 它们的方位。总而言之，这些行动-知道我们在世界上的什么位置和位置 我们的目标，区分不同的空间环境，恢复我们的方向 当我们迷失方向时--构成空间导航的核心要素。了解 支撑这些元素的神经机制将是一种主要的和持续的智力 在一个长期以来一直是心理学研究的中心话题的领域取得进展 神经科学。

Project Summary A fundamental aspect of our existence is the fact that we live in a spatially extended world. To survive and flourish in this world, we must have some method for navigating efficiently from place to place. The current project focuses on the neural mechanisms that underlie landmark- based navigation (LBN)—navigation that is guided by spatially stable elements of the environment. To implement LBN, a person must be able to 1) perceive the local environment, 2) use features of the local environment to determine their location and orientation in the world, and 3) plan a route that takes them from their current location to their navigational goal. In previous funding periods, we have used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and other methods to identify regions of the human brain that mediate these operations and to assign functional roles to these regions. Now we seek to integrate these findings to understand how these neural/cognitive components work together to implement LBN during realistic navigational episodes. In aim 1 we will identify the spatial representations that are simultaneously active in the human brain during dynamic navigation, including representations of location and heading, and representations of the navigational goal. In aim 2 we seek to understand the remapping mechanisms that allow a navigator to negotiate a complex world that contains multiple local environments. In aim 3 we will delineate the reorientation mechanisms that allow a navigator to establish (or re-establish) their sense of place and direction after losing their bearings. Together, these operations—knowing where we are in the world and the location of our goal, distinguishing between different spatial environments, and recovering our bearings when we are disoriented—constitute core elements of spatial navigation. Understanding the neural mechanisms that underlie these elements would be a major and sustained intellectual advance in an area that has long been a central topic of investigation in psychology and neuroscience.