Project 5

项目5 环境中危险物质的影响可能会因其动员和扩散而加剧， 在自然灾害和紧急情况发生后，受污染的沉积物、土壤、水和空气的重新分布。立即 令人关切的是安全饮水和食品供应的安全。其他威胁包括土壤污染（草坪、社区 花园、公园和娱乐场所），沿着人类皮肤接触和吸入接触的风险增加 在撞击地点附近与这些紧急情况相关的一个主要挑战是保护弱势群体， 社区和社区，灾难的第一反应者，前线人员，以及参与 场地的管理和清理。因此，能够迅速减少有害物质的影响， 灾害事件是一项关键需求。在本提案的目标1中，将由以下物质合成多组分吸附剂： 不同的材料和化合物，通常被认为是安全的（GRAS），这些吸附剂将紧密 结合环境化学品并设计具有高容量和亲和力的混合物。反应动力学， 热力学和基本机制涉及的表面之间的相互作用，选择 吸附剂材料和危险环境化学品和混合物将确定使用目前 可用的体外方法。计算方法将用于验证和提供基本见解， 以及预测吸附剂性能和筛选最佳GRAS修正物，从而提供反馈， 与所有实验的结合。具有低耐受性的成熟的动物和植物有机体 水、土壤和沉积物中的环境化学物质将包括刺胞动物模型系统（水螅）， 浮萍（浮萍）测定法和秀丽隐杆线虫（Caillhabditis elegans）线虫测定法。这些活体（In vivo） 模型系统将用于预测污染样品的毒性，并验证我们选择的有效性 吸附剂和我们的体外和计算机结果。在目标2中，将开发多组分吸附剂， 从受污染的食物、饮用水和土壤中清除有害物质。新型屏障制剂将 开发用于皮肤保护和防护面罩中的过滤器插入物，以减少皮肤和吸入 暴露于化学品。在目标3中，我们的体内模型将用于评估现实环境样品 从灾难现场和特征鲜明的超级基金现场。在这些研究中， 将决定是否列入有害物质，以使其解毒。现有合作 核心的、成熟的技术转让专业知识和跨学科的互动 在项目5中，将为整个中心增加一个重要的能力和规模。项目到外地的途径， 在我们的过程中，开发广泛作用的吸附剂和危险化学品配方， 研究已经牢固确立。我们已经确定了相关的利益攸关方和弱势群体， 将受益于这些产品。预计本研究中开发的吸附剂和屏障技术将 减少灾害和紧急情况下人和动物接触化学品的机会。

Project 5 ABSTRACT The effects from hazardous substances in the environment can be compounded by their mobilization and redistribution in polluted sediment, soil, water and air following natural disasters and emergencies. Of immediate concern is the safety of safe water and food supplies. Other threats include soil contamination (lawns, community gardens, parks and recreational areas), along with increased risk of human dermal and inhalation exposures near the site of the impact. A major challenge associated with these emergencies is protecting vulnerable communities and neighborhoods, first responders to the disaster, frontline personnel, and those involved in the management and cleanup of the site. Thus, the ability to rapidly minimize hazardous substance effects during disaster events is a critical need. In Aim 1 of this proposal, multicomponent sorbents will be synthesized from diverse materials and compounds that are generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and these sorbents will tightly bind environmental chemicals and design mixtures with high capacity and affinity. The reaction kinetics, thermodynamics and fundamental mechanism(s) involved in interactions between the surfaces of selected sorbent materials and hazardous environmental chemicals and mixtures will be determined using currently available in vitro methods. Computational methods will be used to validate and provide fundamental insights, as well as to predict sorbent properties and screen for optimum GRAS amendments, thus providing feedback and integration with all experiments. Well-established animal and plant organisms that possess a low tolerance for environmental chemicals in water, soil, and sediment will include the Cnidarian model system (Hydra vulgaris), the Lemna minor (duckweed) assay, and the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode assay. These living (in vivo) model systems will be used to predict the toxicity of polluted samples and to validate the efficacy of our selected sorbents and our in vitro and in silico results. In Aim 2, multicomponent sorbents will be developed that will remove hazardous substances from contaminated food, drinking water and soil. Novel barrier formulations will be developed for skin protection and for filter inserts in protective masks to reduce dermal and inhalation exposures to chemicals. In Aim 3, our in vivo models will be used to evaluate real-life environmental samples from disaster sites and well-characterized superfund sites. In these studies, optimal sorbents and levels of inclusion that will result in detoxification of hazardous substances will be determined. Existing collaborations with Community Engagement Core, well-established technology transfer expertise, and interdisciplinary interactions in Project 5 will add an important capability and dimension to the overall Center. The project-to-field pathway for the development of broad-acting sorbents and formulations for hazardous chemicals during the course of our study has been firmly established. We have identified relevant stakeholders and vulnerable communities that will benefit from these products. It is expected that sorbent and barrier technology developed in this research will result in reduced chemical exposures in people and animals during disasters and emergencies.