Chemical intervention strategies

化学干预策略

• 批准号: 6442530
• 负责人: Timothy Phillips
• 金额: $ 7.35万
• 依托单位: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-01 至 2002-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6442530
• 关键词: clay; environmental contamination; environmental toxicology; ground water; soil pollution; toxicant interaction; waste treatment; water pollution

Notable concerns about the quality and safety of our environment have evoked a growing awareness of the significant hazards associated with diverse organic and metal pollutants in groundwater associated with Superfund sites. Many of these prioritized target chemicals (TCs) can have severe and long lasting effects on health. The scope of the problem is broader still, since TCs routinely occur as complex chemical mixtures, the toxicities and interactions of which are ill-defined. Clearly, appropriate chemical intervention strategies for the remediation of polluted groundwater and the prevention of TC-induced disease in humans and animals are high priorities. In this project, our proposed aims are fourfold: i) to develop and/or characterize field-practical, clay-based adsorbents that can be used to bind and remove TCS from groundwater, ii) to chemically anchor these detoxifying clays onto inert matrices to enhance the water permeability and filtration capabilities of the clay- matrix composite, iii) to assess the effectiveness of prioritized clay composites for the removal of TCs from contaminated groundwater effluents at selected Superfund sites and to predict the successful decontamination and detoxification of this groundwater via chemical and biological analyses, and iv) to determine the efficacy of high capacity, high affinity detoxifying clays in the chemoprevention of TC-induced toxicity in vivo. In a newly reported procedure form our laboratory, hydrophilic and hydrophobic clay minerals have been chemically bonded to sand and utilized as a method for dramatically improving the discharge capacity of montmorillonate clays, while retaining their sorptive characteristics and improving their contact with the carrier medium. A distinct advantage of this model over existing methods of water treatment is the increased bulk density of the sand-immobilized clay product, which is now amenable to large scale processing of groundwater via in-line columns or existing fixed-bed sand filtration systems. Further research is clearly warranted to delineate optimal clays and clay-based sorbent systems for the remediation of polluted groundwater.

对我们环境质量和安全的显著关注， 唤起了人们对与之相关的重大危害的日益认识， 地下水中的多种有机和金属污染物， 超级基金网站。许多这些优先目标化学品（TC）可以 对健康有严重和持久的影响。问题的范围 更广泛，因为TC通常作为复杂的化学混合物出现， 其毒性和相互作用尚不明确。很显然， 采取适当的化学干预战略， 污染地下水和防治TC引起的疾病 人类和动物是高度优先事项。在这个项目中，我们提出的目标 有四个方面：i）开发和/或表征现场实用，粘土为基础的 可用于从地下水中结合和去除TCS的吸附剂， ii）将这些解毒粘土化学锚在惰性基质上， 增强粘土的透水性和过滤能力， 基质复合材料，iii）评估优先粘土的有效性 用于从受污染的地下水中去除TC的复合材料 在选定的超级基金网站的污水，并预测成功的 通过化学和化学方法对地下水进行净化和解毒， 生物学分析，和iv）确定高容量的功效， 高亲和力解毒粘土在TC诱导的化学预防中的应用 体内毒性。在我们实验室新报道的一种方法中， 亲水性和疏水性粘土矿物已经化学键合 并作为一种显著改善排放的方法 蒙脱石粘土的容量，同时保留其吸附性 特性和改善它们与载体介质的接触。一 与现有的水处理方法相比，该模型具有明显的优势 是砂固定化粘土产品的增加的堆积密度， 现在可以通过在线方式大规模处理地下水 柱或现有的固定床砂过滤系统。进一步的研究 明确保证描绘最佳粘土和粘土基吸附剂 修复受污染地下水的系统。