Protective Factors of Cognitive Aging among Latinos in the 50 States and Puerto Rico

项目摘要 生活在50个美国（US;以下简称美国）的拉丁美洲人是美国最大的种族/少数民族人口， 患老年痴呆症的可能性是非拉丁裔白人的1.5倍。拉丁美洲人在美国展览 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆症（ADRD）在种族背景中的差异 （即古巴人、多米尼加人、墨西哥人、波多黎各人以及南美洲和中美洲人）。例如，在一个示例中， 波多黎各人是拉丁裔背景，认知得分最低，轻度抑郁症患病率最高。 认知障碍和心血管疾病（CVD）风险因素-长期与ADRD风险较高相关。 因此，毫不奇怪，ADRD也是生活在美国领土（岛屿）的拉丁美洲人中日益严重的危机。 波多黎各（PR）.事实上，PR的年龄调整AD死亡率是美国拉丁美洲人的两倍。 不幸的是，对保护因素的研究可能作为促进认知和大脑健康的目标， 在美国的拉丁美洲人之间是很少的，甚至更少的是在公关拉丁美洲人之间所知。 调查员，在PR出生和长大，接受过社区卫生科学博士和博士后培训 心血管疾病流行病学培训，这K 01将提供新的技能和培训的理论弹性和 储备以及内容知识的规范认知老化，大脑结构和神经影像学，和 健康老龄化的保护因素。该K 01还将实现检查 保护性因素在老年非拉丁裔白人中表现出重要性的机制，即，有利体 组成，更好的心理健康，更高水平的认知丰富，支持认知和大脑 健康在中年和老年人拉丁美洲人（45岁以上），重点是公关。具体来说，目标1是重点 对年龄的弹性;我们将调查与维持认知功能相关的基线保护因素 在7年的随访期内（即，对年龄的认知弹性），并检查保护因素是否会改变 年龄与大脑结构的横截面关系（即，大脑对年龄的弹性）使用先前收集的 数据来自美国最大的拉丁裔健康流行病学研究，西班牙裔社区健康 研究/拉丁裔研究（HCHS/SOL）访视1和2及其由NIA资助的SOL-INCA和SOL-INCA MRI辅助 问题研究目标2的重点是认知储备，我们将测试保护因素是否会改变交叉反应， 通过利用SOL-INCA MRI和SOL-INCA的数据，研究大脑结构与认知的截面关系。 目标3的重点是PR，我们将在NHLBI资助的前景中管理HCHS/SOL认知电池 队列研究是一项全岛范围的纵向流行病学健康研究，旨在评估认知水平并比较 前景和HCHS/SOL中波多黎各人之间的保护因素-认知关系。本研究是 响应NIA的优先领域，确定与成功认知相关的保护因素， ADRD差异人群中的老龄化。拟议的研究将提供初步数据，以进行更大规模的 流行病学R 01研究：居住在巴勒斯坦的成年人的复原力和储备。

PROJECT SUMMARY Latinos living in the 50 United States (US; hereinafter States), the largest racial/ethnic minority US population, are 1.5 times more likely to have Alzheimer’s disease than non-Latino whites. Latinos in the States exhibit unique profiles of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) disparities across ethnic backgrounds (namely, Cubans, Dominicans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and South and Central Americans). For example, Puerto Ricans are the Latino background with the lowest cognitive scores and highest prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors-- long associated with higher ADRD risk. Thus, it is not surprising that ADRD is also a growing crisis among Latinos living in the US territory (island) of Puerto Rico (PR). In fact, the age-adjusted AD mortality rate in PR is double that of Latinos in the States. Unfortunately, research on protective factors that may serve as targets for promoting cognitive and brain health among Latinos in the States is scant and even less is known among Latinos in PR. As an early stage investigator, born and raised in PR, with doctoral training in community health sciences and post-doctoral training on CVD epidemiology, this K01 would the provide new skills and training in theories of resilience and reserve as well as content knowledge on normative cognitive aging, brain structure and neuroimaging, and protective factors for healthy aging. This K01 would also achieve the overall research goal of examining the mechanisms through which protective factors shown important in older non-Latino whites, i.e., favorable body composition, better psychological health, and higher levels of cognitive enrichment, support cognitive and brain health in middle-aged and older Latinos (ages 45+) with an emphasis on PR. Specifically, Aim 1 is focused on resilience to age; we will investigate baseline protective factors related with maintenance of cognitive function over a 7-year follow-up period (i.e., cognitive resilience to age) and examine whether protective factors modify the cross-sectional relation of age with brain structure (i.e., brain resilience to age) using previously collected data from the largest epidemiological study of Latino health in the States, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Visits 1 and 2 and its NIA-funded SOL-INCA and SOL-INCA MRI ancillary studies. Aim 2 is focused on cognitive reserve; we will test whether protective factors modify the cross- sectional relations of brain structure with cognition by leveraging data from SOL-INCA MRI and SOL-INCA. Aim 3 is focused on PR, we will administer the HCHS/SOL cognitive battery in the NHLBI-funded PROSPECT cohort, an island-wide longitudinal epidemiological study of health, to estimate cognition and compare the protective factors-cognition relations between Puerto Ricans in PROSPECT and HCHS/SOL. This research is responsive to the priority areas of the NIA of identifying protective factors associated with successful cognitive aging in ADRD disparities populations. The proposed research will provide preliminary data to conduct a larger epidemiological R01 study on resilience and reserve among adults living in PR.