Protective Factors of Cognitive Aging among Latinos in the 50 States and Puerto Rico

项目总结 生活在50个美国(美国；下称各州)的拉丁裔，这是美国最大的种族/少数民族人口， 患阿尔茨海默氏症的可能性是非拉丁裔白人的1.5倍。拉美裔在美国展出 阿尔茨海默病和相关痴呆(ADRD)在不同种族背景下的独特差异 (即古巴人、多米尼克人、墨西哥人、波多黎各人、南美洲人和中美洲人)。例如, 波多黎各人是认知得分最低、轻度疾病患病率最高的拉丁裔背景 认知障碍和心血管疾病(CVD)风险因素--长期以来与ADRD风险较高相关。 因此，ADRD在居住在美国领土(岛屿)的拉丁裔中也是一种日益严重的危机也就不足为奇了 波多黎各(PR)。事实上，PR的年龄调整后的AD死亡率是美国拉丁裔的两倍。 不幸的是，对保护性因素的研究可能成为促进认知和大脑健康的目标 在美国的拉美裔美国人很少，在公关领域的拉美裔人中更是鲜为人知。作为早期阶段 调查员，在公共关系领域出生和长大，受过社区卫生科学博士和博士后培训 关于心血管疾病流行病学的培训，这一K01将提供新的技能和培训的弹性和理论 关于标准认知老化、脑结构和神经成像的储备和内容知识，以及 健康衰老的保护因素。这个K01也会达到整体研究目标，即研究 保护因素在年长的非拉丁裔白人中显示重要的机制，即有利的身体 作文，更好的心理健康，更高水平的认知丰富，支持认知和大脑 中老年拉丁美洲人(45岁以上)的健康，重点是公关。具体地说，目标1的重点是 对年龄的适应能力；我们将调查与认知功能维持相关的基线保护因素 在7年的随访期内(即认知对年龄的适应能力)，并检查保护因素是否会改变 年龄与脑结构(即大脑对年龄的复原力)的横断面关系 来自美国最大的拉美裔健康流行病学研究的数据，拉美裔社区健康 研究/研究拉丁裔(HCHS/SOL)访问1和2及其NIA资助的Sol-Inca和Sol-Inca MRI辅助 学习。目标2专注于认知储备；我们将测试保护因素是否会改变交叉- 利用Sol-Inca MRI和Sol-Inca的数据研究大脑结构与认知的断面关系。 目标3专注于公关，我们将在NHLBI资助的前景中管理HCHS/SOL认知电池 一项全岛范围的纵向健康流行病学研究，以估计认知并比较 保护因素-前景中的波多黎各人与HCHS/SOL之间的认知关系。这项研究是 响应NIA确定与成功认知相关的保护因素的优先领域 ADRD差异人群中的老龄化。建议的研究将提供初步数据，以便进行更大规模的 关于居住在PR中的成年人的复原力和储备的流行病学R01研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY Latinos living in the 50 United States (US; hereinafter States), the largest racial/ethnic minority US population, are 1.5 times more likely to have Alzheimer’s disease than non-Latino whites. Latinos in the States exhibit unique profiles of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) disparities across ethnic backgrounds (namely, Cubans, Dominicans, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and South and Central Americans). For example, Puerto Ricans are the Latino background with the lowest cognitive scores and highest prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors-- long associated with higher ADRD risk. Thus, it is not surprising that ADRD is also a growing crisis among Latinos living in the US territory (island) of Puerto Rico (PR). In fact, the age-adjusted AD mortality rate in PR is double that of Latinos in the States. Unfortunately, research on protective factors that may serve as targets for promoting cognitive and brain health among Latinos in the States is scant and even less is known among Latinos in PR. As an early stage investigator, born and raised in PR, with doctoral training in community health sciences and post-doctoral training on CVD epidemiology, this K01 would the provide new skills and training in theories of resilience and reserve as well as content knowledge on normative cognitive aging, brain structure and neuroimaging, and protective factors for healthy aging. This K01 would also achieve the overall research goal of examining the mechanisms through which protective factors shown important in older non-Latino whites, i.e., favorable body composition, better psychological health, and higher levels of cognitive enrichment, support cognitive and brain health in middle-aged and older Latinos (ages 45+) with an emphasis on PR. Specifically, Aim 1 is focused on resilience to age; we will investigate baseline protective factors related with maintenance of cognitive function over a 7-year follow-up period (i.e., cognitive resilience to age) and examine whether protective factors modify the cross-sectional relation of age with brain structure (i.e., brain resilience to age) using previously collected data from the largest epidemiological study of Latino health in the States, the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Visits 1 and 2 and its NIA-funded SOL-INCA and SOL-INCA MRI ancillary studies. Aim 2 is focused on cognitive reserve; we will test whether protective factors modify the cross- sectional relations of brain structure with cognition by leveraging data from SOL-INCA MRI and SOL-INCA. Aim 3 is focused on PR, we will administer the HCHS/SOL cognitive battery in the NHLBI-funded PROSPECT cohort, an island-wide longitudinal epidemiological study of health, to estimate cognition and compare the protective factors-cognition relations between Puerto Ricans in PROSPECT and HCHS/SOL. This research is responsive to the priority areas of the NIA of identifying protective factors associated with successful cognitive aging in ADRD disparities populations. The proposed research will provide preliminary data to conduct a larger epidemiological R01 study on resilience and reserve among adults living in PR.