Immediate and Long-term Efficacy of the Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum on Reducing Adverse Alcohol Outcomes

摘要 大学生饮酒仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。大学生 饮酒率高于非大学同龄人， 与大学生饮酒相关的后果包括数十万 身体和性侵犯超过1,500人死亡虽然大多数大学和 大学已经实施了基于证据的预防和干预计划， 最近的研究表明，与饮酒有关的伤害率变化不大， 最广泛使用的程序可能并不像以前想象的那样有效。识别 减少问题酒精使用和相关危害的经济有效的方法仍然存在 至关重要基于几十年的理论和应用研究，酒精 预期寿命可以是制定有效预防措施的主要目标， 干预方法。预期调节其他前因变量的影响， 预测未来的酒精使用，可能是直接影响饮酒的因果变量 行为注重期望的教育在培养行为方面是无效的 变化使用经验性期望挑战方法，包括饮酒 运动在实验室中是有效的，但对于广泛使用是不切实际的。 期望挑战酒精素养课程（ECALC）是一个50分钟的 互动程序，唯一的非经验的预期挑战，一直是 成功地显著减少了大学生的酒精使用。研究中 专注于强制学生，兄弟会和姐妹会成员，以及大学一年级 学生，ECALC产生了比经验预期更大的效应量 挑战和所有广泛使用的程序。迄今为止，ECALC结局研究 但ECALC的设计表明，效果可能会持续 更久拟议项目的主要目的是评估 ECALC在6个月内的效果，并评估智能手机的影响- 提供了维持和增强效果的助推器。如果成功，这 该项目将验证ECALC作为一种高效和有效的计划，以减少 大学生中的酗酒问题和负面影响。

Abstract College student alcohol use remains a significant public health issue. College students consume alcohol at higher rates than their non-college peers, and the annual consequences associated with college student drinking include hundreds of thousands of physical and sexual assaults and over 1,500 fatalities. Although most colleges and universities have implemented evidence-based prevention and intervention programs, recent research suggests that rates of drinking-related harms have changed little, and that most widely used programs may not be as effective as once thought. Identifying cost-effective ways to reduce problematic alcohol use and associated harms remains vitally important. Based on decades of theoretical and applied research, alcohol expectancies could be a prime target for development of effective prevention and intervention methods. Expectancies mediate the influence of other antecedent variables, predict future alcohol use, and may be a causal variable that directly influences drinking behavior. Education focused on expectancies is ineffective in producing behavior change. Use of experiential expectancy challenge methods that include a drinking exercise have been effective in the laboratory, but are impractical for widespread use. The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC) is a 50-minute interactive program, and the only non-experiential expectancy challenge that has been successful in significantly reducing alcohol use among college students. In studies focused on mandated students, fraternity and sorority members, and first year college students, ECALC has produced larger effect sizes than experiential expectancy challenge and all widely used programs. ECALC outcome studies have thus far been limited to four weeks, but the design of ECALC suggests that effects might be sustained for much longer. The primary aim of the proposed project is to evaluate duration of ECALC effects over the course of 6 months, and to assess the impact of smart phone- delivered boosters on maintenance and enhancement of effects. If successful, this project will validate the use of ECALC as an efficient and effective program for reducing problematic alcohol use and negative consequences among college students.