Immediate and Long-term Efficacy of the Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum on Reducing Adverse Alcohol Outcomes

摘要 大学生饮酒仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。大学生 饮酒率比非大学同龄人高，而且每年 与大学生饮酒有关的后果包括数十万 身体和性侵犯和1500多人死亡。尽管大多数大学和 大学已经实施了循证预防和干预计划， 最近的研究表明，与饮酒有关的伤害的比率变化不大，而且 最广泛使用的程序可能并不像人们曾经认为的那样有效。识别 减少有问题的饮酒和相关危害的成本效益方法仍然存在 极其重要。基于几十年的理论和应用研究，酒精 预期可成为制定有效预防和预防措施的主要目标 干预方法。预期在其他先行变量的影响中起中介作用， 预测未来的饮酒情况，并可能是直接影响饮酒的因果变量 行为。注重期望的教育在产生行为方面是无效的 变化。使用包括饮酒在内的体验式期望挑战方法 运动在实验室里是有效的，但广泛使用是不切实际的。 预期挑战酒精素养课程(ECALC)为50分钟 互动程序，以及唯一的非体验式预期挑战 成功地显著减少了大学生的酒精使用量。在研究中 重点关注必修学生、兄弟会和女生联谊会成员以及一年级大学 学生们，ECALC产生的效果比经验预期的要大 挑战赛和所有被广泛使用的程序。到目前为止，ECALC结果研究是 限制在四周内，但ECALC的设计表明，影响可能会持续 要长得多。拟议项目的主要目标是评估持续时间 ECALC在6个月内的影响，并评估智能手机的影响- 提供了关于维护和增强效果的助推器。如果成功，这将是 该项目将验证使用ECALC作为一项高效和有效的计划来减少 大学生中有问题的饮酒和负面后果。

Abstract College student alcohol use remains a significant public health issue. College students consume alcohol at higher rates than their non-college peers, and the annual consequences associated with college student drinking include hundreds of thousands of physical and sexual assaults and over 1,500 fatalities. Although most colleges and universities have implemented evidence-based prevention and intervention programs, recent research suggests that rates of drinking-related harms have changed little, and that most widely used programs may not be as effective as once thought. Identifying cost-effective ways to reduce problematic alcohol use and associated harms remains vitally important. Based on decades of theoretical and applied research, alcohol expectancies could be a prime target for development of effective prevention and intervention methods. Expectancies mediate the influence of other antecedent variables, predict future alcohol use, and may be a causal variable that directly influences drinking behavior. Education focused on expectancies is ineffective in producing behavior change. Use of experiential expectancy challenge methods that include a drinking exercise have been effective in the laboratory, but are impractical for widespread use. The Expectancy Challenge Alcohol Literacy Curriculum (ECALC) is a 50-minute interactive program, and the only non-experiential expectancy challenge that has been successful in significantly reducing alcohol use among college students. In studies focused on mandated students, fraternity and sorority members, and first year college students, ECALC has produced larger effect sizes than experiential expectancy challenge and all widely used programs. ECALC outcome studies have thus far been limited to four weeks, but the design of ECALC suggests that effects might be sustained for much longer. The primary aim of the proposed project is to evaluate duration of ECALC effects over the course of 6 months, and to assess the impact of smart phone- delivered boosters on maintenance and enhancement of effects. If successful, this project will validate the use of ECALC as an efficient and effective program for reducing problematic alcohol use and negative consequences among college students.