Impact of Boarding School on Perceived Stress, Allostatic Load, and Resilience

摘要 美国印第安人寄宿学校是强制性的，父母不遵守规定会受到扣留的惩罚 口粮。寄宿学校的意图是同化和根除美国印第安人的身份。 包括但不限于语言、灵性、衣着、食物和举止。实施体罚 不遵守校规，不讲部落语言，不践行精神文化。报告详细信息 严重的健康问题，包括疾病猖獗、卫生和生活条件差以及缺乏营养。 研究表明，早期的生活经历会影响个人的一生。对健康的有害影响 童年时期的反复应激导致成年后的稳态负荷。这个项目的目标是确定 上过寄宿学校的美国印第安人是否比上过寄宿学校的人的静负荷更差 而不是出席。在这项横断面研究中，将招募220名美国印第安人，其中一半是寄宿学校 出席者和一半不出席者。美国印第安人慢性病差异模型指导纳入 本研究中使用的控制变量将通过调查收集。多种招聘方式 将发生：传单、时事通讯/报纸、广播公告和口碑。研究参与者将是 美国印第安人，至少52岁，上过寄宿学校或没上过学。参与者必须是 能够在一天内收集滤纸上的尿样，用于检测体内的生物标记物 装填。参与者不得服用激素、脱氢表雄酮、类固醇，或有肾上腺功能障碍或紊乱，或 目前已经或曾经经历过肾上腺癌或肾上腺切除，因为这些会混淆生物标记物的读数。 具体目标如下： 具体目标1：确定寄宿学校出勤率与下列各项之间的关系 以下控制变量：ACES、历史创伤、营养、心理健康和韧性。 假设：与没有参加的人相比，寄宿学校的学生的A分更差，历史上 创伤和营养评分越高，越有可能出现心理健康问题，恢复能力就越差。 具体目标2：测试寄宿学校的学生是否有更多的长期压力(通过 Al)而不是非与会者。假设：寄宿学校的学生会有更高(更严重)的慢性压力 由AL衡量的分数比没有参加比赛的美国印第安人的分数要高。 拟议的项目有望增进我们对寄宿学校出勤率影响的理解。 美国印第安人的慢性压力。

ABSTRACT American Indian boarding schools were compulsory and parental noncompliance penalized by withholding food rations. The intent of boarding schools was the assimilation and eradication of American Indian identity including but not limited to language, spirituality, dress, food, and mannerisms. Corporal punishment enforced failure to follow school rules, for speaking tribal languages, and practicing cultural spiritually. Reports detail serious health concerns including rampant disease, poor sanitation and living conditions, and lack of nutrition. Research demonstrates early life experiences affect individuals their entire lives. The deleterious effects of repeated stress in childhood leads to allostatic load in adulthood. The goal of this project is to determine whether allostatic load is worse in American Indians who attended boarding school compared to those who did not attend. For this cross-sectional study, 220 American Indians will be recruited, half boarding school attenders and half non-attenders. The American Indian Chronic Disease Disparities model guides the inclusion of control variables used in this study which will be collected through survey. Multiple methods of recruitment will occur: flyers, newsletters/newspapers, radio announcements, and word of mouth. Study participants will be American Indian, at least 52 years of age, and either attended boarding school or did not. Participants must be able to collect urine samples on filter paper over one day which will be used to examine biomarkers of allostatic load. Participants must not be taking hormones, DHEA, steroids, or have an adrenal dysfunction or disorder, or currently have or have had adrenal caner or adrenal removal as these will confound biomarker readings. The Specific Aims are as follows: Specific Aim 1: Determine the relationship between boarding school attendance and each of the following control variables: ACEs, historical trauma, nutrition, mental health, and resilience. Hypothesis: Compared to non-attenders, boarding school attenders will have worse ACEs, historical trauma and nutrition scores, and be more likely to have mental health conditions, and be less resilient. Specific Aim 2: Test whether boarding school attenders have more chronic stress (measured by AL) than non-attenders. Hypothesis: Boarding school attenders will have higher (worse) chronic stress scores as measured by AL than American Indian non-attenders. The proposed project promises to advance our understanding of how boarding school attendance impacts chronic stress in American Indians.