The Influence of Sugary Beverage Taxes on Fast Food Restaurant Purchases: An Evaluation Using National Sales Data

含糖饮料税对快餐店购买的影响：使用全国销售数据进行评估

• 批准号: 10364957
• 负责人: Brian Elbel
• 金额: $ 84.31万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-02-01 至 2026-01-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10364957
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Area; Beverages; Budgets; Calories; Cardiovascular Diseases; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Communities; Complex; Consumption; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Effectiveness; Ensure; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation; Food; Funding; Goals; Health; Household; Income; Individual; Location; Low income; Malignant Neoplasms; Modeling; Nature; Neighborhoods; Obesity; Outcome; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Prevention approach; Price; Public Health; Public Policy; Race; Recommended Daily Allowances; Research; Restaurants; Role; Sales; Source; Supermarket; Taxes; Transact; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Variant; Work; combat; comparison group; competitive environment; density; design; environmental change; fast food; health disparity; interest; response; sugar; sweetened beverage

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This project will examine the impact of taxes on sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) utilizing detailed sales data from one of the largest fast food retailers in the U.S. Taxes on SSBs are one of the most promising solutions to reduce population-wide consumption of these unhealthful beverages and, consequently, their contribution to obesity and the health challenges of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer. SSB taxes have reduced purchasing and consumption of SSBs in settings such as supermarkets and other food stores across the seven U.S. cities that have implemented them. However, fast food restaurants are also a key source of SSBs -- more than a third of U.S. adults consume fast food on any given day, often including an SSB, and a single beverage at a fast food restaurant contains more than the recommended daily allowance of calories from added sugars in just one serving – and have not been studied. The central hypothesis is that SSB taxes will reduce purchase of SSBs at fast food restaurants, with a greater impact in lower-income census tracts, despite less than complete “pass-through” of the tax to the consumer by the fast food restaurants. Using detailed sales data and appropriate comparison groups from multiple communities, the study estimates the influence of SSB tax policies in a detailed and causal way for several years after taxes are implemented. The model is a difference-in-difference approach, taking advantage of the fact that some locations implemented taxes and (most) others did not. The study will look at sales in localities that are similar at baseline (before taxes) and determine how they diverge after a tax is implemented. This is the first study to rigorously examine SSB taxes across the U.S. in a longitudinal manner, including thousands of retail locations for Taco Bell and hundreds of millions of purchases. The national scale of the data and multiple restaurants within each city that implemented a tax will allow estimation of whether effects of taxes differ by community income, critical to understanding health disparities and the regressive nature of SSB taxes. The specific aims are:  Aim 1: Determine the change in price paid in fast food restaurants as a result of SSB taxes (i.e., effective “pass-through”).  Aim 2: Determine the change in beverage calories purchased per customer order as a result of SSB taxes.  Aim 3: Determine how neighborhood characteristics, such as the income of the area in which a restaurant is located, influence both pass-through and beverage calories purchased in response to SSB taxes.

项目摘要/摘要 该项目将检查税收对使用糖甜卧室（SSB）的影响 来自美国SSB税的最大快餐零售商之一的详细销售数据是 最有希望的解决方案，以减少这些不健康的卧室的人口消费，以及 因此，它们对肥胖和心血管疾病的健康挑战的贡献， 糖尿病和癌症。 SSB税减少了SSB的购买和消费。 作为实施它们的七个美国城市的超市和其他食品商店。 但是，快餐店也是SSB的关键来源 - 超过三分之一的美国成年人 在任何一天都可以食用快餐，通常包括SSB和快餐店的单床 餐厅包含的含量超过了每日添加糖的热量的建议 一份工作 - 尚未研究。中心假设是SSB税将减少 在快餐餐厅购买SSB 快餐店对消费者的税收不超过完全的“通过”。使用 研究估计，详细的销售数据和来自多个社区的适当比较组 税收后的几年来，SSB税收政策以详细和因果方式的影响是 实施的。该模型是一种差异差异方法，利用了某些事实 地点实施了税收，并且（大多数）其他地点没有。该研究将研究当地的销售 基线时类似（税前），并确定他们在征税后如何发散。这是 首次研究以纵向方式严格检查美国的SSB税，包括 数以千计的零售地点用于炸玉米饼和数亿美元的购买。国家规模 每个城市中实施税收的数据和多家餐馆将允许估计 税收的影响是否因社区收入而不同，对了解健康分配至关重要 SSB税的回归性质。 具体目的是： 目的1：确定由于SSB税而导致快餐店支付的价格变化（即 有效的“通行”）。 目标2：确定由于SSB而导致的客户订单购买的床卡路里的变化 税。 目标3：确定邻里特征如何，例如该地区的收入 餐厅位于餐厅，既有通过的通行证和床上卡路里的卡路里？ 征收SSB税。