Impact of NYC Sugar Sweetened Beverage Policy on Calories Purchased and Consumed

描述(申请人提供)：在过去的30年里，美国儿童肥胖率增加了两倍，成人肥胖率翻了一番，导致许多人将肥胖对公共健康的影响与吸烟相提并论。然而，尽管香烟税和室内禁烟在降低吸烟率方面非常有效，但美国尚未实施旨在降低肥胖率的同样有效的人口层面政策。然而，纽约市(NYC)将很快实施一项创新的新政策，旨在解决人口层面的肥胖问题。该市将禁止在餐馆和其他餐饮服务场所销售16盎司以下的含糖饮料(SSB)。SSB比其他食物或饮料更容易与肥胖联系在一起。尽管一些政策现在限制在学校和政府所有的建筑中销售SSB，但纽约市的SSB法律将是美国第一个针对SSB消费的大规模、人口层面的政策。目前尚不清楚消费者和供应商将如何回应。消费者可以遵守这项政策，购买D16盎司的单一饮料。或者，消费者可以购买多杯D16盎司的饮料，将购买转移到不受该政策限制的场所，如杂货店，或增加其他不健康产品的消费。同样，餐馆和汽水行业可能会改变SSB或其他饮料的定价、促销或放置，所有这些都可能影响政策的影响。这项政策对公共卫生具有巨大的潜在重要性，但一直是相当大的争议和行业反应的主题。这一条款的引入提供了一个难得的机会来回答有关公共政策在试图改变消费者行为方面的好处和有效性的重要问题。我们建议研究这项政策对纽约市成年人在快餐店购买和消费卡路里的影响，受这项政策影响的大部分SSB都是在快餐店销售的。数据收集将包括购买点 快餐店消费者的收据收集和调查(目标1，结果是饮料总卡路里)，以及对这些消费者的24小时饮食召回(目标2，结果是总卡路里消耗量)。为了控制长期趋势，我们将从新泽西州的两个地区收集数据，这些地区的统计数据与纽约市的非治疗比较社区相匹配。此外，我们会研究这项政策对社会保障局环境(目标3)的影响，包括快餐店的饮品供应、大小、价格、位置和推广情况。我们还将在街角和杂货店测量相同的环境特征，这些商店出售的SSB没有大小限制。消费者调查和环境评估数据将在政策实施前收集，并在政策实施后三年半内每年收集两次。政策实施后数据收集的第一年将衡量SSB政策的短期影响，而第二年和第三年将讨论对饮料卡路里的长期影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the last 30 years, U.S. obesity rates have tripled in children and doubled in adults, leading many to compare the public health impact of obesity to that of smoking. Yet while cigarette taxes and indoor smoking bans have been highly effective in decreasing smoking rates, the U.S. has yet to implement similarly effective population-level policies intended to reduce obesity rates. However, New York City (NYC) will soon implement an innovative new policy aimed at addressing obesity at the population level. The city will ban the sale of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) in serving sizes >16 ounces at restaurants and other food-service establishments. SSBs, more than other food or beverage group, are strongly associated with obesity. While some policies now limit SSB sales in schools and government-owned buildings, the NYC SSB law will be the first large-scale, population-level policy to target SSB consumption in the US. It is unknown how consumers and suppliers will respond. Consumers may comply with the policy and purchase single beverages d16 ounces. Alternatively, consumers may purchase multiple beverages d16 ounces, shift purchases to establishments that are exempt from the policy, such as grocery stores, or increase consumption of other unhealthy products. Similarly, the restaurant and soda industries may alter the pricing, promotion or placement of SSBs or other beverages, all of which could influence the impact of the policy. The policy has great potential importance to public health, but has been the subject of considerable controversy and industry response. The introduction of this provision provides a rare opportunity to answer important questions about the benefits and efficacy of public policy in attempting to alter consumer behavior. We propose to examine the influence of this policy on NYC adults' calorie purchasing and consumption at fast food restaurants, where the majority of SSBs subject to the policy are sold. Data collection will include point of purchase receipt collection and surveys from fast food restaurant consumers (Aim 1, outcome is total beverage calories), along with follow-up 24 hour dietary recalls of these same consumers (Aim 2, outcome is total calories consumed). To control for secular trends we will collect data from two areas of New Jersey statistically matched to NYC as non-treated comparison communities. In addition, we will examine the impact of the policy on the SSB environment (Aim 3), including beverage availability, size, price, placement and promotion in fast food restaurants. We will also measure the same environmental characteristics in corner and grocery stores, where SSBs are sold without size limitations. Both the consumer survey and environmental assessment data will be collected prior to policy implementation and twice a year for three and a half years after implementation. The 1st year of data collection post-policy implementation will measure the short-term impact of the SSB policy, while the 2nd and 3rd years will address the longer-term impact on beverage calories.