Development of Amygdalo-Prefrontal Connections in Adolescent Macaques

项目摘要/摘要 该项目结合了美国亚利桑那大学的卡塔林·戈达尔博士和安娜·W博士的专业知识。 浙江大学的罗[中国]。这个项目的目的是为了了解大脑中潜在的变化 青春期社会和情绪调节的出现。青春期是社会交往加速的时期。 和认知发展，也是焦虑和冲动控制障碍的易感性增强的时期， 这会增加继发性精神障碍的终生风险。在此期间，前额叶皮质 经历成熟，但对其与杏仁核关系的成熟知之甚少，认为 大脑中情绪处理的中枢。在人类和非人类灵长类动物中，杏仁核成熟时间很长。 青春期前；在青春期早期，杏仁核支配的情绪过程和性唤醒。 情绪和社交行为。随着前额叶皮质的成熟并增加其对杏仁核的影响 功能，情绪行为变得更加规范。我们假设情绪的发展 青春期的调节是由于杏仁核-前额叶网络的变化。这项提议的目标是 在纵向上，在相同的个体中，重新组织 杏仁核和PFC。这将通过激光-fMRI功能束跟踪的多模式方法来实现， 杏仁核和前额叶皮质的神经生理记录。同时，点状给药 行为任务将提供冲动和社交能力纵向变化的衡量标准。功能磁共振成像， 神经生理和行为测量将在匹配的时间点相互关联，从而实现 多尺度(从细胞到电路再到行为)对青少年发展的理解。由此得出的结论是 这项研究将对我们理解正常的青少年大脑发育以及 社会适应失调和精神疾病出现的可能风险因素。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT This project combines the expertise of Dr. Katalin Gothard at The University of Arizona [US] and Dr. Anna W. Roe at Zhejiang University [China]. The aim of this project is to understand changes in the brain underlying the emergence of social and emotional regulation during adolescence. Adolescence is a period of accelerated social and cognitive development, and also a time of enhanced vulnerability for anxiety and impulse-control disorders, which elevate the lifelong risk for secondary psychiatric disorders. During this period, the prefrontal cortex undergoes maturation, but little is known about the maturation of its relationship with the amygdala, considered a hub of emotional processing in the brain. In humans and nonhuman primates, the amygdala matures long before puberty; in early adolescence, emotional processes and arousal governed by the amygdala dominate emotional and social behavior. As the prefrontal cortex matures and increases its influence on amygdalar function, emotional behavior becomes more regulated. We hypothesize that the development of emotional regulation during adolescence is due to changes in amygdala-prefrontal networks. The goal of this proposal is to monitor longitudinally, in the same individuals, the reorganization of functional connections between the amygdala and the PFC. This will be accomplished by a multimodal approach of laser-fMRI functional tract tracing, and neurophysiological recordings in the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex. In parallel, punctate administration of behavioral tasks will provide a measure of longitudinal changes in impulsivity and sociability. The fMRI, neurophysiological, and behavioral measures will be correlated at matched timepoints, thereby achieving a multiscale (cellular to circuit level to behavior) understanding of adolescent development. The findings from this study will have significant bearing on our understanding of normal adolescent brain development and also of the possible risk factors for the emergence of social misadjustment and mental disease.