Socioeconomic Status, Mortality, and Morbidity in Older Americans

其他项目信息-项目概要/摘要 美国老年人的社会经济地位、死亡率和死亡率 现在有充分的证据表明，在其他富裕国家，中年死亡率在20世纪70年代有所下降。 在过去的20年里，美国的白色非西班牙裔（WNHs）。对于25-29岁至50岁的所有五岁年龄组- 54，2015年WNH的死亡率高于1999年，但黑人非西班牙裔的死亡率较低， 西班牙裔这种进展的停滞和逆转在很大程度上是由白色非白人死亡人数的增加所驱动的。 没有四年制大学学位的西班牙裔。死于药物过量、自杀和与酒精相关的肝脏 在此期间，死于心脏病（“绝望死亡”）的人数增加，而防治心脏病的进展停滞不前。什么不是 这些不同趋势的原因是众所周知的。利用死亡率、发病率、劳动力市场 条件，信用评分和社会联系，我们提出的研究将分析为什么这些令人担忧的趋势， 在早期死亡率和阿片类药物的使用发生。我们将探讨多种因果解释，通灵 通过教育，就业机会，不平等，健康行为和医疗保健。什么角色 教育在“绝望死亡”中的作用？在何种程度上， 低技能工作在整个生命过程中累积影响死亡率和发病率？是否成功的 教育程度高的人是以教育程度低的人为代价的吗？在多大程度上， 通过健康行为和医疗保健，如阿片类药物处方和心血管疾病的治疗， 条件？这些不同的潜在因果途径并不相互排斥，而是建立了它们之间的联系。 重要性对于制定有意义的干预措施至关重要，无论是在教育，劳动力市场，医疗保健， 社会支持或其他政策。最后，我们将考虑是否不良的死亡率和发病率， 在中年时期明显的模式，可能会延续到老年，或者恢复到更有利的模式。 目前老年人经历的。

OTHER PROJECT INFORMATION – Project Summary/Abstract Socioeconomic Status, Mortality, and Morbidity in Older Americans It is now well documented that the midlife mortality declines experienced in other wealthy countries over the last 20 years have bypassed US white non-Hispanics (WNHs). For all five-year age groups from 25-29 to 50- 54, mortality rates for WNHs were higher in 2015 than in 1999, but lower for black non-Hispanics and Hispanics. This stalling and reversal of progress is largely driven by the increasing deaths of white non- Hispanics without a four-year college degree. Deaths from drug overdose, suicide, and alcohol-related liver disease (“deaths of despair”) rose over this period, while progress against heart disease stalled. What is not well understood is the causes of these differential trends. Using data on mortality, morbidity, labor market conditions, credit scores, and social connection, our proposed research will analyze why these alarming trends in early mortality and opioid use have occurred. We will explore multiple causal explanations, channeling through education, employment opportunities, inequality, health behaviors, and health care. What role does education play in rising “deaths of despair”? To what degree does deterioration in the quality and availability of low-skilled jobs cumulatively impact mortality and morbidity over the life course? Does the success of the highly educated come at the expense of those with less education? To what degree are disparities accentuated by health behaviors and health care, such as opioid prescribing and treatment of cardiovascular conditions? These various potential causal pathways are not mutually exclusive, but establishing their importance is critical to developing meaningful interventions, whether in education, labor markets, health care, social supports, or other policies. And finally, we will consider whether the adverse mortality and morbidity patterns evident in midlife, are likely to carry forward into older ages, or to revert to the more favorable patterns currently experienced by the elderly.