The Health and Education Impacts of Long-Run Exposure to Pollution in Childhood: Evidence from the US Army

儿童时期长期接触污染对健康和教育的影响： 来自美国陆军的证据(30行) 大量研究文献表明，儿童时期的环境具有重要的长期影响 对个人一生结果的影响(Almond等人。2018年)。我们的目标是评估因果关系 儿童期长期接触空气污染对儿童健康和教育的影响 儿童和年轻人。我们特别关注污染物细颗粒物(PM2.5)， 它对身体有有害的影响，因为它深入到肺部并交叉 进入血液循环。有许多研究表明，长期接触PM2.5是 与对健康和认知的损害有关。然而，因为接触较高剂量的儿童 多年的空气污染水平更有可能来自社会经济水平较低的家庭。 状态，这也直接影响健康和认知，这些研究不能确定因果关系 多年来PM2.5暴露的影响。 为了评估长期污染暴露的因果影响，我们把重点放在了军人儿童身上。这 把重点放在军事上很重要，因为之前的研究表明，军事中的污染暴露 家庭是由军队的需要而不是士兵的喜好决定的， 使其独立于受暴露者的健康或社会经济地位。使用军事手段 根据个人记录，我们将构建一个长达20年的跟踪调查儿童的大样本。这些 数据将使用最先进的基于卫星的数据与污染进行匹配。使用管理 来自健康保险索赔和教育记录的数据，我们将调查龙的影响 长期接触PM2.5对一系列健康和教育成果的影响。

The Health and Educational Impacts from Long-Run Exposure to Pollution in Childhood: Evidence from the US Army (30 lines) A large body of research documents that childhood circumstances have significant long-term effects on individuals' lifetime outcomes (Almond et al. 2018). We aim to assess the causal effect of long-term air pollution exposure throughout childhood on the health and education of children and young adults. We specifically focus on the pollutant fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which has detrimental effects on the body because it penetrates deep into the lungs and crosses over to the bloodstream. There are many studies that suggest that long term PM2.5 exposure is associated with harm to both health and cognition. However, because children exposed to higher levels of air pollution for many years are more likely to come from families of lower socio-economic status, which also impacts health and cognition directly, these studies cannot establish causal effects from PM2.5 exposure over many years. To estimate the causal impacts of long-run pollution exposure, we focus on military children. This focus on the military is important, as previous studies suggest that pollution exposure in military families is determined by the needs of the military rather than the preferences of the soldier, making it independent from the health or socio-economic status of those exposed. Using military personnel records, we will construct a large sample of children followed for up to 20 years. These data will be matched to pollution using state-of-the art satellite-based data. Using administrative data from health insurance claims and education records, we will investigate the impacts of long term PM2.5 exposure on a range of health and education outcomes.