"Psychophysiology and Social Processes in Very Young Children with Externalizing Problems."

项目总结/摘要 候选人的长期目标是发展独立的研究事业，以了解风险因素 在人的一生中发展外化行为。拟议的培训计划概述了四个方面 实现这一目标的关键目标：1）扩大获取和分析的专业知识， 心理生理变量，2）获得幼儿研究经验，3）获得以下方面的培训 统计技术，以测试调解/适度，和4）获得研究独立的实践技能。 对立违抗性障碍（ODD）在学龄前儿童中普遍存在， 大大增加了患上其他各种精神疾病的风险。以前的工作有 ODD的不同维度（易怒，蔑视，报复），显示与 后来的精神病理学;然而，维度是高度相关的。因此，具有对立性的儿童 相似的表型表现，尽管是具有不同纵向轨迹的异质组。它 提出，表型症状掩盖了潜在的过程，进行不同的风险， 唤醒/调节和社会过程系统中的相反过程可以导致表型相似 介绍和解释纵向发展的差异。提出了三个具体目标： 识别区分易怒和报复的相反的唤醒/调节过程。2)识别 与区分易怒和报复的社会过程相反。3)检查以下因素的综合影响 唤醒/调节和社会过程在预测易怒和报复。预计迪法恩斯 将与易怒和报复性高度相关，解释了表型相似性。 申请者将通过评估175名4-6岁的儿童来实现这些目标。 新奥尔良地区被认为有行为问题。评估将包括唤醒/调节指数 （射血前期、心率变异性和皮肤电反应） 任务和社会过程的指标（面部情绪识别的准确性和偏差）。拟议研究 将在路易斯安那州新奥尔良的杜兰大学和梅泰里的儿童咨询协会诊所举行， 路易斯安那州预期的结果是，易怒将与高生理唤醒和注意力相关。 倾向于消极的情绪刺激，而报复性将与低生理唤醒， 缺乏情感识别能力。预计这些相反的过程将解释 与共病精神病理学的不同关系。这些结果将有可能帮助 制定个性化干预措施，以降低与儿童期相关的后期精神病理学风险 对立性因此，拟议的研究符合确定机制的高优先级目标， 赋予精神疾病的脆弱性，并制定早期干预措施，以减少严重程度， 精神病理学发病率。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT The candidate’s long-term goal is to develop an independent research career to understand risk factors for the development of externalizing behavior over the lifespan. The proposed training plan outlines four objectives critical to achieving this goal: 1) extend expertise in the acquisition and analysis of psychophysiological variables, 2) obtain research experience with young children, 3) obtain training in statistical techniques to test for mediation/moderation, and 4) gain practical skills for research independence. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is prevalent in preschool age children, and its presence substantially increases the risk of developing a full range of other psychiatric disorders. Prior work has differentiated dimensions of ODD (irritability, defiance, vindictiveness) that show differential relationships with later psychopathology; however, the dimensions are highly correlated. Thus, children with oppositionality have similar phenotypic presentations despite being a heterogeneous group with differing longitudinal trajectories. It is proposed that phenotypic symptoms mask the underlying processes that carry differential risks, and that opposing processes in arousal/regulation and social processes systems can lead to both phenotypically similar presentations and explain differences in longitudinal development. Three specific aims are proposed: 1) Identify opposing arousal/regulation processes that differentiate irritability and vindictiveness. 2) Identify opposing social processes that differentiate irritability and vindictiveness. 3) Examine the combined effects of arousal/regulation and social processes in predicting irritability and vindictiveness. It is expected that defiance will be highly correlated with both irritability and vindictiveness, explaining phenotypic similarity. The applicant will accomplish these aims by assessing 175 4-6 year-old children in the greater New Orleans area identified as having behavioral problems. Assessments will include indices of arousal/regulation (pre-ejection period, heart rate variability, and electrodermal response) during baseline or an emotion induction task, and indices of social processes (accuracy and bias in facial emotion recognition). The proposed research will take place at Tulane University in New Orleans, LA and the Child Counseling Associates clinic in Metairie, LA. The anticipated outcome is that irritability will be related to high physiological arousal and an attentional bias toward negative emotional stimuli, whereas vindictiveness will be related to low physiological arousal and deficient emotional recognition abilities. It is expected that these opposing processes will account for the differential relationships with comorbid psychopathology. These results would have the potential to aid the development of individualized interventions to reduce risk for later psychopathology associated with childhood oppositionality. Thus, the proposed research is in line with the high priority goal to identify mechanisms that confer vulnerability to psychiatric illnesses and develop early interventions for reducing the severity and incidence of psychopathology.