Parental incarceration and the social-emotional health and development of children

父母入狱与儿童的社会情感健康和发展

• 批准号: 10386294
• 负责人: Kaitlyn M Berry
• 金额: $ 4.16万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-23 至 2024-09-22
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10386294
• 关键词: Access to Information; Adopted; Affect; Age; Aggressive behavior; Anxiety; Attention; Behavior; Berry; Birth; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Child Welfare; Cities; Criminal Justice; Criminology; Data; Development; Discrimination; Disease; Economics; Emotional; Employment; Employment Status; Ensure; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Exhibits; Family; Family health status; Fathers; Fellowship; Funding; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Sciences; Housing; Imprisonment; Individual; Legal; Linear Regressions; Link; Loneliness; Low income; Mediating; Mediation; Mediator of activation protein; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mentors; Minnesota; Mission; Modeling; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Not Hispanic or Latino; Parents; Pathway interactions; Personal Satisfaction; Policies; Population; Problem behavior; Process; Psychology; Public Health; Public Policy; Race; Recording of previous events; Records; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Risk; Social Policies; Socioeconomic Status; Sociology; Source; Stigmatization; System; Testing; Training; Training Programs; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Unmarried; Wages; Well in self; Work; Writing; Youth; base; black men; career; child protection; cohort; design; disability; doctoral student; experience; externalizing behavior; improved; innovation; multidisciplinary; multilevel analysis; population health; pre-doctoral; skills; social; social epidemiology; success; theories; therapy design

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Significance: Approximately 7% of all US children—and nearly a quarter of Black children—will experience parental incarceration before age 18, placing them at an increased risk of poor social-emotional development. Policy-based solutions that increase the economic wellbeing of families involved in the criminal justice system may offer promise for improving child wellbeing. Individuals with criminal records are less likely to be hired and often work for lower wages and fewer benefits. As a result, parents with criminal records may have fewer resources to contribute to establishing their children’s wellbeing. Some states have adopted policies that limit how criminal records are considered during hiring processes. Protective employment policies could improve the social-emotional health of children whose fathers have criminal records by increasing paternal employment prospects and by improving paternal depression via reduced stigmatization of people with records. Specific Aims: This project will (1) identify the impact of state-level employment policies on the social- emotional wellbeing of children whose fathers have criminal records, (2) evaluate father’s employment status and depression as potential mechanisms through which state-level employment policies affect children whose fathers have criminal records, and (3) assess how the impact of state-level employment policies differs by race. Approach: The proposed analysis will leverage data from two sources: (1) the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a birth cohort of low-income children in 20 large US cities and their mostly unmarried parents, and (2) state-level policy information on legal barriers faced by people with criminal records. To account for the hierarchical design (families nested within states), this analysis will use mixed effects linear regressions to model the impact of employment policy on child wellbeing. Regression-based mediation analyses will be used to test potential mediators and stratified analyses will be used to evaluate differential policy effects by race. Fellowship Information: The applicant is a PhD student in Epidemiology at the University of Minnesota and a predoctoral trainee on the NICHD-funded T32 training program in Population Health Science. Through coursework and mentoring on policy evaluation, criminology, and mental health along with guidance on communicating findings and writing grants, the proposed training plan will build on Ms. Berry’s existing research skills. This training will enhance her ability to complete her dissertation research and become an independent social epidemiology researcher with expertise on the impact of social policy on child health.

项目概要/摘要 意义：大约 7% 的美国儿童以及近四分之一的黑人儿童会经历 父母在 18 岁之前被监禁，使他们面临社交情感发展不良的风险增加。 基于政策的解决方案可提高刑事司法系统家庭的经济福祉 可能为改善儿童福祉带来希望。有犯罪记录的人被雇用的可能性较小 经常为较低的工资和较少的福利而工作。因此，有犯罪记录的父母可能会更少 为建立孩子的福祉做出贡献的资源。一些州已经采取政策限制 在招聘过程中如何考虑犯罪记录。保护性就业政策有待改善 通过增加父亲就业来促进父亲有犯罪记录的儿童的社会情感健康 前景，并通过减少对有记录的人的耻辱来改善父亲的抑郁症。 具体目标：该项目将 (1) 确定国家级就业政策对社会的影响 父亲有犯罪记录的子女的情绪健康，（2）评估父亲的就业状况 和抑郁症作为国家一级就业政策影响儿童的潜在机制 父亲有犯罪记录，(3) 评估州级就业政策的影响如何因种族而异。 方法：拟议的分析将利用两个来源的数据：(1) 脆弱家庭和儿童 Wellbeing Study 是一项由美国 20 个大城市的低收入儿童及其大多数未婚父母组成的出生队列， (2) 关于有犯罪记录的人面临的法律障碍的国家级政策信息。考虑到 分层设计（家庭嵌套在州内），该分析将使用混合效应线性回归来 模拟就业政策对儿童福祉的影响。将使用基于回归的中介分析 为了测试潜在的中介因素，分层分析将用于评估不同种族的不同政策效果。 奖学金信息：申请人是明尼苏达大学流行病学博士生， NICHD 资助的人口健康科学 T32 培训项目的博士前实习生。通过 政策评估、犯罪学和心理健康方面的课程和指导以及以下方面的指导 通过沟通调查结果和撰写资助，拟议的培训计划将建立在贝瑞女士现有的基础上 研究技能。这次培训将提高她完成论文研究并成为一名 独立社会流行病学研究员，拥有社会政策对儿童健康影响的专业知识。