Long Lasting Organic Semiochemical Formulation to Effectively Manage Blood Sucking Diptera.

项目总结： Splat BAC Plus是一种独特的控释杀幼虫剂，旨在抑制多个物种的种群 蚊子，如传播疟疾、登革热和西尼罗河病毒(WNV)的蚊子。这份CRP提案旨在 将SPLAT BAC Plus作为一种有效的、经济上可行的控制策略用于综合病媒 管理(IVM)方案和控制全球滋扰蚊子。Splat BAC Plus有 与以前的杀幼虫剂相比有几个优点：1)它含有不同模式的杀幼虫剂组合 作用：苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bti)，球形芽孢杆菌(BSP)[最近更名为Lysinibacillus. Sphaericus]--两种能破坏吞食它们的蚊子肠道的细菌--和一种昆虫生长调节剂 (IGR)，如甲基戊二烯或吡虫草醚，可防止幼虫发育成成虫。这种组合 与单效杀幼虫剂相比，大大降低了抗药性风险。虽然市场上有很多产品 结合Bti和BSP的市场，在Splat BAC Plus中加入IGR将进一步抑制发展 并大大延长了杀幼虫剂的田间使用寿命。2)Splat BAC Plus包括以下组件 促进幼虫对配方的吸引和取食--增加它们对Bti、BSP和IGR的暴露 内含-和产卵引诱剂(产卵雌性引诱剂)。作为飞溅的点源 BAC Plus漂浮在处理后的水表面，这些引诱剂被释放到空气中，引诱雌性 蚊子优先在那个地方产卵。3)Splat BAC Plus可用于潜在幼虫 在降雨之前干燥条件下的栖息地，这是比大多数幼虫杀虫剂更大的优势，必须使用 不久之后，这些地点就会灌满水，在易受感染的阶段捕捉蚊子幼虫。4)申请后， Splat BAC Plus治愈并成为雨滴，当表面被淹没几次时变得激活 几天后，它们脱离并漂浮到水面，释放出引诱剂。在此之后，Splat BAC Plus 保持浮力和效力长达5个月，比相关的1-2周野外生活长得多 使用较老的Bti/BSP杀幼虫剂。5)Splat BAC Plus含有环境安全的杀幼虫剂和信息化学物质 由食品安全成分组成的惰性基质中加入的引诱剂。实现全球化 Splat BAC Plus的商业化，ISCA Technologies打算追求以下具体目标：1) 获得所需的监管批准，以开始在美国销售Splat BAC Plus，并开始渗透 瞄准国际市场(如巴西、坦桑尼亚)；2)通过演示促进消费者支持和买入 Splat BAC Plus与蚊子控制产品的目标分销商、虫害防治操作员(PCOS)、 以及3)利用Splat BAC Plus推出更多元化的产品线 蚊子控制技术，旨在满足不同蚊子控制群体的不同需求 和消费者，例如不同的目标物种，环境和安全方面的担忧，以及 对不同防治剂的抗性。

Project Summary: SPLAT BAC Plus is a unique controlled-release larvicide designed to suppress populations of multiple species of mosquitoes, such as those that transmit malaria, dengue, and West Nile virus (WNV). This CRP proposal seeks to establish SPLAT BAC Plus as an effective, economically viable control strategy for use in integrated vector management (IVM) programs and for control of nuisance mosquitoes around the globe. SPLAT BAC Plus has several advantages over previous larvicides: 1) It contains a combination of larvicidal agents with different modes of action: Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), B. sphaericus (Bsp) [recently renamed Lysinibacillus sphaericus]—two bacteria that destroy the gut of mosquitoes that ingest them—and an insect growth regulator (IGR), such as methoprene or pyriproxyfen, that prevents larvae from developing into adults. This combination drastically reduces the risk of resistance compared to single-action larvicides. While there are products on the market combining Bti and Bsp, the inclusion of an IGR in SPLAT BAC Plus will further inhibit the development of resistance and greatly extend the field life of the larvicide. 2) SPLAT BAC Plus includes components that promote larval attraction and feeding on the formulation—intensifying their exposure to the Bti, Bsp, and IGR contained within it—and oviposition attractants (attractants for egg-laying females). As point sources of SPLAT BAC Plus float at the surface of treated water, these attractants are released into the air, enticing female mosquitoes to lay their eggs preferentially at that site. 3) SPLAT BAC Plus can be applied to potential larval habitats under dry conditions ahead of rainfall, a major advantage over most larvicides, which must be applied shortly after these sites fill with water to catch mosquito larvae at a susceptible stage. 4) Following application, SPLAT BAC Plus cures and becomes rainfast, becoming activated when the surfaces are submerged for a few days, detaching and floating to the water's surface and releasing its attractants. After this point, SPLAT BAC Plus remains buoyant and effective for up to 5 months, considerably longer than the 1–2 week-field life associated with older Bti/Bsp larvicides. 5) SPLAT BAC Plus contains environmentally safe larvicides and semiochemical attractants incorporated in an inert matrix composed of food-safe ingredients. To achieve global commercialization of SPLAT BAC Plus, ISCA Technologies intends to pursue the following Specific Aims: 1) Obtain the required regulatory approvals to begin sales of SPLAT BAC Plus in the US and begin penetration of target international markets (e.g., Brazil, Tanzania); 2) Foster consumer support and buy-in via demonstration trials of SPLAT BAC Plus with targeted distributors of mosquito control products, pest control operators (PCOs), and mosquito control districts; and 3) Utilize SPLAT BAC Plus to launch a more diversified product line of mosquito control technologies, designed to conform to the different needs of various mosquito control groups and consumers, such as varying target species, environmental and safety concerns, and difficulties with resistance to different control agents.