Long Lasting Organic Semiochemical Formulation to Effectively Manage Blood Sucking Diptera

7.项目摘要/摘要 我们建议通过细菌杀幼虫苏云金杆菌亚种的控释制剂来开发Splat BAC，这是一种针对世界各地多种病媒的新型蚊子控制制剂。Israelensis和球形芽孢杆菌。Splat BAC计划在雨季之前用于室外，这一特点代表了与以前的蚊子控制方法相比的宝贵优势，以前的蚊子控制方法大多只针对室内觅食的蚊子，并依赖于传统的杀虫剂。Splat BAC是一种环保的喷雾制剂，将在雨季开始前一个月应用于洪泛平原和其他蚊子滋生地点，并将附着在应用地点，直到被洪水淹没。在与幼虫出苗高峰期相对应的浸泡时间后，飞溅的BAC点源将从底物上分离出来，漂浮到水面，大多数蚊子幼虫在那里休息和觅食，从而确保在幼虫最可能对其做出反应和以其为食的准确时间和位置将杀菌剂释放到幼虫的环境中。旨在进一步开发这种新型虫害控制解决方案的第二阶段目标如下：1.创建一种通用的Splat BAC蚊子幼虫制剂，对世界各地的多种蚊子媒介有效。将对几种蚊媒进行实验室生物测试和药效研究，评估Splat BAC的性能，并添加其他有吸引力的成分：产卵诱导剂和两种有前景的吞噬刺激剂，血粉和酵母，以及现场老化和环境测试，以确保Splat BAC的行为符合先发制人的蚊子控制产品的要求。2.通过手动、机械、地面和空中设备优化SLAT BAC，以实现超多功能和高性价比的应用。广泛的手动和机械应用设备将在实验室中使用SPAT BAC进行测试，以便于使用，并确定应用方法对产品功效和现场使用寿命的影响。专门的背包和基于亚视的设备也将专门为Splat BAC设计。3.展示Splat BAC在美国蚊子控制项目中采用的潜力。这项工作将与多个州的病媒控制专业人员合作进行，以评估Splat BAC纳入公共和私人蚊子控制计划的潜力。4.在多氯联苯具有最具破坏性影响的发展中国家，制定有效、负担得起的蚊虫控制应用程序。将测试BAC对主要非洲媒介物种的效力，以及其在热带地区目前更具挑战性的环境条件下按设计发挥作用的能力。还将在东非蚊子控制专业人员的合作下进行大规模实地试验，以确定Splat BAC在该区域抑制媒介种群的能力以及最有效的 适用于这些环境的应用方法。

7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT We propose to develop SPLAT BAC, a novel mosquito control formulation targeting multiple species of disease vectors around the world, through a controlled-release formulation of bacterial larvicides, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus. SPLAT BAC is intended for outdoor application prior to the rainy season, a characteristic that represents an invaluable advantage over previous mosquito control methods, most of which target only indoor-feeding mosquitoes, and rely upon conventional insecticides. SPLAT BAC is an environmentally friendly, sprayable formulation that will be applied to flood plains and other mosquito breeding sites up to one month before the start of the rain season, and will affix to the application site until being submerged by a flooding event. The SPLAT BAC point sources will detach from their substrates following a submersion period designed to correspond with peak larval emergence, and float to the surface of the water, where most mosquito larvae rest and feed, thereby ensuring the release of the bacterial larvicides into the larvae's environment at the precise time and location that they will be most likely to respond to and feed upon them. The Phase II objectives designed to further the development of this novel pest control solution are as follows: 1. Create a universal SPLAT BAC mosquito larvicide formulation, effective against multiple mosquito vectors worldwide. Laboratory bioassays and efficacy studies will be conducted against several mosquito vector species, evaluating the performance of SPLAT BAC with additional attractive components: oviposition attractants and two promising phagostimulants, blood meal and yeast, as well as field aging and environmental tests to ensure that SPLAT BAC behaves as required for a preemptive mosquito control product. 2. Optimize SPLAT BAC for ultra-versatile and cost-effective application with manual, mechanical, ground, and aerial equipment. A broad range of manual and mechanical application equipment will be tested with SPLAT BAC in the lab, both for ease of use and to determine the impact of application method upon the product's efficacy and field life. Specialized Backpack and ATV-based equipment will also be designed specifically for SPLAT BAC. 3. Demonstrate the potential of SPLAT BAC for adoption by mosquito control programs in the United States. This work will be conducted in collaboration with vector control professionals in multiple states to evaluate the potential of SPLAT BAC for incorporation into public and private mosquito control programs. 4. Develop SPLAT BAC application procedures for effective, affordable mosquito control in the developing world where MBDs have the most devastating impacts BAC will be tested for its efficacy against key African vector species, as well as its ability to function as designed under the more challenging environmental conditions present in tropical regions. Large-scale field trials will also be conducted with the cooperation of mosquito control professionals in east Africa, to determine SPLAT BAC's capacity to suppress vector populations in this region, as well as the most effective application methods for these environments.