Defining CRISPR adaptation and interference mechanisms in E. coli
Defining CRISPR adaptation and interference mechanisms in E. coli
批准号:
10387608
负责人:
Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
金额:
$2.4万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2021
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2021-06-01 至 2022-08-31
关键词:
Adaptive Immune SystemAffectAntibiotic ResistanceArchaeaAutomobile DrivingBacteriaBacteriophagesBase PairingBindingBinding ProteinsBiochemicalBiophysicsCRISPR interferenceClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCommunitiesComplexDNADependenceDetectionDevelopmentDiseaseEcosystemEffectivenessElementsEscherichia coliEventEvolutionGenesGeneticGenomeGoalsGuide RNAHealthHorizontal Gene TransferHumanHuman MicrobiomeImmuneImmune responseImmune systemImmunityInfectionInvadedInvestigationKnowledgeLeadLifeMeasuresMetabolismMethodsModelingMolecularMolecular ConformationMovementMutationNucleic AcidsOrganismPlasmidsPoint MutationPopulationPopulation DynamicsProductionProteinsRNA InterferenceRaceSeedsShapesSmall RNASpecificityStructureSystemTherapeuticTimeVirus DiseasesWorkantimicrobialarmbiophysical toolscombatendonucleasein vivomicrobiomemutantpathogenic virusresponsetoolviral resistancevirus host interaction
中文摘要
项目摘要
病毒抵抗力在所有生命王国中都是必不可少的,尽管不同的生物体
进化出了同样多样的对抗感染的机制。在细菌和古细菌中,
CRISPR(规律间隔短回文重复序列)适应性免疫系统
在感染过程中通过小分子RNA引导的干扰机制清除入侵的DNA。
CRISPR免疫通过两个阶段进行:适应,其中侵入性的片段
将来自噬菌体或质粒的DNA作为间隔子插入噬菌体的CRISPR基因座内。
宿主基因组,随后作为模板用于产生小指导CRISPR
(cr)RNA;干扰和干扰,在此期间crRNA及其效应物CRISPR相关(Cas)
蛋白质结合入侵DNA的互补靶区,导致其被破坏。
Cas内切核酸酶。我们的目标是确定细菌如何最大限度地提高其免疫能力,
在对抗入侵者的分子军备竞赛中占有优势我们的首要目标是了解
免疫系统逃避的序列依赖性通过点的发展
入侵DNA中的突变我们以前的研究表明,间隔区序列
极大地影响了这些“逃逸”突变的有效性,这首次表明,
一些间隔区序列比其他序列提供更强的免疫力。另外我们有
发现在最初的感染过程中,细菌使用一个两层防御系统来扩大
的适应能力。我们将评估这种策略对宿主免疫力的影响,
阐明这种防御策略的分子机制。最后,我们将确定
当CRISPR机制感知到非生物性时,
典型的靶序列。我们的研究将对理解
宿主-宿主病毒相互作用和协同进化,是病毒组成的重要决定因素,
包括人类微生物组在内的复杂生态系统中的动态。
英文摘要
Project Summary
Viral resistance is essential in all kingdoms of life, although diverse organisms have
evolved equally diverse mechanisms for combatting infection. In bacteria and archaea, the
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) adaptive immune system
clears invading DNA during infection through a small-RNA guided interference mechanism.
CRISPR immunity proceeds through two stages: adaptation, in which fragments of invasive
DNA from bacteriophages or plasmids are inserted as spacers within the CRISPR locus of the
host genome and subsequently serve as templates for the production of small guide CRISPR
(cr)RNAs;; and interference, during which the crRNA and its effector CRISPR associated (Cas)
proteins bind complementary target regions of the invading DNA, leading to its destruction by a
Cas endonuclease. Our goal is to define how bacteria maximize their immune capacity to gain
an advantage in the molecular arms race against their invaders. Our first goal is to understand
the sequence-dependence of immune system evasion through the development of point
mutations within the invading DNA. Our previous studies have revealed that spacer sequence
greatly influences the effectiveness of these “escape” mutations, suggesting for the first time
that some spacer sequences provide stronger immunity than others. In addition, we have
discovered that during initial infection, bacteria use a two-tiered defensive system to broaden
their adaptation capacity. We will evaluate the impact of this tactic on host immunity and
elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this defense strategy. Finally, we will determine
the structural basis for rapid adaptation triggered when the CRISPR machinery senses non-
canonical target sequences. Our studies will have major implications on the understanding of
host-virus interactions and co-evolution, an important determinant of the compositional
dynamics within complex ecological systems including the human microbiome.
期刊论文(8)
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DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2018.03.003
发表时间:
2018-04-05
期刊:
Molecular cell
影响因子:
16
作者:
[Lee H, Zhou Y, Taylor DW, Sashital DG]
通讯作者:
Sashital DG
Fluorescence-based methods for measuring target interference by CRISPR-Cas systems.
基于荧光的 CRISPR-Cas 系统干扰测量方法。
DOI:
10.1016/bs.mie.2018.10.027
发表时间:
2019
期刊:
Methods in enzymology
影响因子:
--
作者:
[Phan,PhongT, Schelling,Michael, Xue,Chaoyou, Sashital,DipaliG]
通讯作者:
Sashital,DipaliG
DOI:
10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0008-2018
发表时间:
2019-02
期刊:
EcoSal Plus
影响因子:
--
作者:
[Chaoyou Xue;Dipali G. Sashital]
通讯作者:
Chaoyou Xue;Dipali G. Sashital
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2016.09.033
发表时间:
2016-11-17
期刊:
Molecular cell
影响因子:
16
作者:
[Xue C, Whitis NR, Sashital DG]
通讯作者:
Sashital DG
Updating the CRISPR Catalogue.
更新 CRISPR 目录。
DOI:
10.1089/crispr.2020.29088.ydh
发表时间:
2020
期刊:
The CRISPR journal
影响因子:
--
作者:
[Dhingra,Yukti, Sashital,DipaliG]
通讯作者:
Sashital,DipaliG
共 7 条
Defining mechanisms of diverse CRISPR-Cas complexes
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批准号:10402354
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.16万
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财政年份:2021
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负责人:Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
-
依托单位:
Defining mechanisms of diverse CRISPR-Cas complexes
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批准号:10809979
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$1.0万
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财政年份:2021
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负责人:Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
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依托单位:
Defining mechanisms of diverse CRISPR-Cas complexes
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批准号:10621764
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$36.16万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
-
依托单位:
Defining Mechanisms of Diverse CRISPR-Cas Complexes
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批准号:10582088
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$25.0万
-
财政年份:2021
-
负责人:Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
-
依托单位:
Defining CRISPR adaptation and interference mechanisms in E. coli
-
批准号:9177303
-
项目类别:
-
资助金额:$30.39万
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财政年份:2016
-
负责人:Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
-
依托单位:
海外基金