Defining CRISPR adaptation and interference mechanisms in E. coli
Defining CRISPR adaptation and interference mechanisms in E. coli
批准号:
9177303
负责人:
Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
金额:
$30.39万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2016
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2016-09-02 至 2021-08-31
关键词:
AffectAntibiotic ResistanceArchaeaAutomobile DrivingBacteriaBacteriophagesBase PairingBase SequenceBindingBinding ProteinsBiochemicalClustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic RepeatsCommunitiesComplexDNADependenceDetectionDevelopmentDiseaseEcosystemEffectivenessElementsEscherichia coliEventEvolutionGenesGeneticGenomeGoalsGuide RNAHealthHorizontal Gene TransferHumanHuman MicrobiomeImmuneImmune responseImmune systemImmunityInfectionInvadedInvestigationKnowledgeLeadLifeMeasuresMetabolismMethodsModelingMolecularMolecular ConformationMovementMutationNucleic AcidsOrganismPlasmidsPoint MutationPopulationPopulation DynamicsProductionProteinsRaceSeedsShapesSmall RNASpecificityStagingStructureSystemTherapeuticTimeVirus DiseasesWorkantimicrobialarmbasebiophysical toolscombatendonucleasein vivomicrobiomemutantpathogenresponsetoolviral resistancevirus host interaction
中文摘要
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英文摘要
Project Summary
Viral resistance is essential in all kingdoms of life, although diverse organisms have
evolved equally diverse mechanisms for combatting infection. In bacteria and archaea, the
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) adaptive immune system
clears invading DNA during infection through a small-RNA guided interference mechanism.
CRISPR immunity proceeds through two stages: adaptation, in which fragments of invasive
DNA from bacteriophages or plasmids are inserted as spacers within the CRISPR locus of the
host genome and subsequently serve as templates for the production of small guide CRISPR
(cr)RNAs;; and interference, during which the crRNA and its effector CRISPR associated (Cas)
proteins bind complementary target regions of the invading DNA, leading to its destruction by a
Cas endonuclease. Our goal is to define how bacteria maximize their immune capacity to gain
an advantage in the molecular arms race against their invaders. Our first goal is to understand
the sequence-dependence of immune system evasion through the development of point
mutations within the invading DNA. Our previous studies have revealed that spacer sequence
greatly influences the effectiveness of these “escape” mutations, suggesting for the first time
that some spacer sequences provide stronger immunity than others. In addition, we have
discovered that during initial infection, bacteria use a two-tiered defensive system to broaden
their adaptation capacity. We will evaluate the impact of this tactic on host immunity and
elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this defense strategy. Finally, we will determine
the structural basis for rapid adaptation triggered when the CRISPR machinery senses non-
canonical target sequences. Our studies will have major implications on the understanding of
host-virus interactions and co-evolution, an important determinant of the compositional
dynamics within complex ecological systems including the human microbiome.
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Defining mechanisms of diverse CRISPR-Cas complexes
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Defining CRISPR adaptation and interference mechanisms in E. coli
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资助金额:$25.0万
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负责人:Dipali Gurudutt Sashital
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依托单位:
海外基金