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Structural basis for differential regulation and selective inhibition of human CTP synthase 1

人CTP合酶1差异调节和选择性抑制的结构基础

基本信息

批准号：
10393643
负责人：
Justin M Kollman
金额：
$ 48.94万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-04-16 至 2025-03-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10393643
关键词：
Active Sites Adopted Affinity Anabolism Autoimmune Diseases B Cell Proliferation Binding Binding Sites Biochemical Biological Assay Biophysics Bypass C-terminal Cell Proliferation Cells Cellular Assay Chemicals Complex Cryoelectron Microscopy DNA biosynthesis Defect Dependence Development Disease Dissection Drug Targeting Enzyme Inhibitor Drugs Enzymes Failure Feedback Genes Growth Human Hyperactivity Immune response Immune system Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Immunosuppression Immunosuppressive Agents Impairment Inherited Learning Leukocytes Lymphocyte Count Metabolism Molecular Molecular Conformation Mutagenesis Nucleotide Biosynthesis Nucleotides Pathway interactions Peptides Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphorylation Physiological Play Production Protein Isoforms Pyrimidine Nucleotides RNA chemical synthesis Regulation Reporting Resolution Ribonucleotides Role Solid Specificity Structure T-Lymphocyte Tail Testing Therapeutic immunosuppression Tissues Work base biophysical properties design drug development flexibility human tissue improved in vitro activity inhibitor insight loss of function mutation lymphocyte proliferation membrane synthesis novel novel therapeutics organ transplant rejection pathogen prevent scaffold side effect small molecule inhibitor success therapeutic development tool uptake

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Cellular proliferation increases demand for ribonucleotide pools to provide precursors for increased RNA, DNA, and membrane synthesis. This demand exceeds the capacity of uptake and salvage pathways, and must be met by increased de novo biosynthesis. In particular, lymphocyte proliferation is dependent on increased nucleotide levels, and targeting nucleotide biosynthesis pathways is the basis for a number of highly successful immunosuppressive treatments. CTP Synthase (CTPS) is the key regulatory enzyme in pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Humans have two CTPS isoforms encoded on separate genes, CTPS1 and CTPS2. While CTPS1 expression is generally increased in proliferative tissues, little else is known about differential roles of the two isoforms or how they are regulated. CTPS1 plays a critical role in the immune response, and loss of function mutations in humans cause severe immunodeficiency. Loss of CTPS1 results in impaired T and B-cell proliferation, but does not have deleterious effects in other human tissues, indicating unique dependence of the immune response on CTPS1 function. Selective inhibition of CTPS1, therefore, is considered a potentially powerful approach to immunosuppressive therapies with limited off-target effects. A number of inhibitors that specifically target CTPS1 have recently been reported, but the mechanisms of inhibition remain unclear. Here, we focus on the structural and functional characterization of CTPS1 and CTPS2 regulation by native allosteric regulators and by selective small molecule inhibitors. This work will provide insight into the control of nucleotide biosynthesis during cellular proliferation, and serve as the basis for design and targeted discovery of novel compounds with potential for immunosuppressive therapies.

项目概要细胞增殖增加了对核糖核苷酸池的需求，以提供增加的 RNA、DNA、和膜合成。这种需求超出了吸收和抢救途径的能力，并且必须通过增加从头生物合成来满足。特别是，淋巴细胞增殖依赖于增加核苷酸水平和靶向核苷酸生物合成途径是许多非常成功的基础免疫抑制治疗。 CTP合酶（CTPS）是嘧啶核苷酸的关键调节酶生物合成。人类有两种由不同基因编码的 CTPS 亚型：CTPS1 和 CTPS2。尽管 CTPS1 表达通常在增殖组织中增加，但关于 CTPS1 的不同作用知之甚少。两种异构体或它们的调节方式。 CTPS1 在免疫反应和丧失人类的功能突变会导致严重的免疫缺陷。 CTPS1 缺失会导致 T 细胞和 B 细胞受损增殖，但不会对其他人体组织产生有害影响，表明 CTPS1 功能的免疫反应。因此，选择性抑制 CTPS1 被认为是一种潜在的免疫抑制治疗的有效方法，脱靶效应有限。许多抑制剂最近有报道专门针对 CTPS1，但抑制机制仍不清楚。这里，我们重点研究天然变构调节 CTPS1 和 CTPS2 的结构和功能特征调节剂和选择性小分子抑制剂。这项工作将深入了解核苷酸的控制细胞增殖过程中的生物合成，并作为设计和靶向发现新型药物的基础具有免疫抑制治疗潜力的化合物。