Changing Decisions During Drinking: Development of an Alcohol-Related Consequence Intervention for Emerging Adults

摘要 在美国，酒精滥用造成的后果仍然是一个公共卫生问题， 特别是在新兴成年人(EA；年龄在18-24岁之间的个人)中。之前的干预努力已经表明 减少饮酒；然而，在减少负面后果方面取得的成果有限， 这些努力几乎完全集中在大学生身上。关于饮酒、注意力和决策的研究 有迹象表明，酒精会增加强迫暗示的显着性(通过引起注意来激发行动的因素) 行为的益处)，并减少抑制线索(通过引起注意来阻止行为的因素 缺点)。然而，缺乏对许多与酒精相关的线索进行检验的研究。 后果就是经验。重要的是，这些线索可能由许多内部和外部因素组成 从情绪/影响到特定的地点或人。理解在结果之前的提示可能会提供 这是一种重要的干预途径，可以影响饮酒时的即刻决策。这个项目 提出了三个阶段的研究，以洞察与后果相关的线索，并制定 从复发预防框架设计的干预措施训练EA意识到这些线索 当情况出现时，通过管理情况来选择安全的行为。第1阶段将详细收集 关于饮酒时做出的决定的线索的数据(包括定性和定量) 与酒精相关的后果。第一阶段将包括戒酒访谈和酒精注射。 将评估醉酒程度如何影响注意力和线索的感知重要性的范例。 阶段2将利用阶段1的研究来开发基于网络和文本消息的干预和阶段 3将对所开发的干预措施进行试点可行性测试。这项研究与详细的培训相结合 面向申请者的计划，重点是扩展知识，这是经验支持的关键组成部分 治疗并使其适应简短的干预，培养酒精方面的方法学和分析技能 管理和定性研究，并将以用户为中心的设计和技术整合到 干预措施。

ABSTRACT Consequences caused by alcohol misuse continue to be a public health concern in the United States, especially among emerging adults (EA; individuals aged ~18-24). Previous intervention efforts have shown reductions in alcohol use; however, results have been limited in the reduction of negative consequences, with efforts focused almost solely on college students. Research on alcohol use, attention, and decision-making has indicated alcohol increases the saliences of impelling cues (factors that incite action by drawing attention to benefits of a behavior), and decreases inhibiting cues (factors that prevent behavior by drawing attention to disadvantages). However, there is a lack of research examining cues associated with many alcohol-related consequences EA experience. Importantly, these cues may consist of a number of internal and external factors from mood/affect to specific locations or people. Understanding cues that precede consequences may provide an important avenue for intervention to impact in-the-moment decisions made while drinking. This project proposes three phases of research to provide insight on cues associated with consequences and develop an intervention designed from the relapse prevention framework that trains EA to become aware of these cues and choose safe behaviors by managing situations when then arise. Phase 1 will be a detailed collection of data (both qualitative and quantitative) on cues surrounding decisions made while drinking that influence alcohol related consequences. Phase 1 will include both sober interviews and an alcohol administration paradigm that will assess how level of intoxication may impact attention and perceived importance of cues. Phase 2 will utilize research from Phase 1 to develop a web- and text message-based intervention and Phase 3 will be a pilot feasibility test of the developed intervention. This research is coupled with a detailed training program for the applicant that focuses on expanding knowledge the key components of empirically-supported treatments and adapting them to brief interventions, building methodological and analytical skills in alcohol administration and qualitative research, and integrating user-centered design and technology into brief interventions.