Longitudinal investigation of the relation between attention, neural functioning and SES in infancy (Supplement)

项目概要/摘要 在低SES环境中发展会对儿童的注意力和神经系统产生负面影响。 发展只有少数研究探讨了这些问题的发展基础， 一些证据表明，出生时没有基于SES的神经差异，但存在显著差异 在以后的生活中重要的是，目前还没有研究将注意力的关键成分整合到情绪中。给定 低SES环境中的婴儿所暴露的注意力概况（总体上减少了父母的影响， 更多地暴露于负面情绪），婴儿注意力可能是非典型途径中的关键中介因素 低社会经济地位环境下儿童的发展。目前的研究旨在研究 SES和静息EEG活动纵向跨越生命的前两年，并检查 与SES相关的环境压力、对情绪的注意力和婴儿期静息EEG活动。第二部分 该研究的目的是研究SES，对情绪的关注，大脑功能发育， 环境因素，以及父母和儿童在幼儿期的压力。我们将利用眼动追踪技术 识别婴儿对情绪化面孔的注意模式，以及EEG和ERPs来测量神经资源 在低SES环境中发育的婴儿和儿童在休息时和对情绪面孔的反应中分配。 我们将收集母亲和孩子的头发样本，通过皮质醇来测量环境中的慢性压力 程度.我们还将收集与环境有关的变量，包括家长报告问卷和 对父母行为和家庭生活进行详细的家庭评估。拟议研究将侧重于PI EEG/ERP方法，应激生理学和纵向统计方法的培训， 使她的方法论和理论曲目多样化。目前的建议包括一个有组织的小组， 专业人员将协助和促进PI的培训，并将其发展为独立的 研究员PI目前的位置是理想的拟议的培训，鉴于无与伦比的访问， 在不同的SES环境中发展的婴儿样本，并获得一流的研究和教学 机构职能体系这种额外的培训对于PI过渡到独立研究员至关重要， 继续研究在低SES环境中发展对大脑和认知能力的影响。 儿童的发展。必须了解贫困和缺乏获得保健的机会是如何以及如何尽早消除的， 资源会影响婴儿的社交、认知和神经发育。如果没有更好地理解 这些主题，我们作为一个领域不能推进到制定有针对性的和经验支持的干预措施， 在社会经济上处于不利地位的儿童。这些干预措施是至关重要的， 注意力和行为结果的儿童从低SES环境。

Project Summary/Abstract Developing in a low SES environment can have negative impacts on children’s attentional and neural development. Only a small number of studies have investigated the developmental foundation of these problems, with some evidence showing no neural differences at birth based on SES, but with marked differences present later in life. Importantly, no work exists that integrates the critical component of attention towards emotion. Given the profile of attention that infants in low SES environments are exposed to (overall lessened parental affect, and greater exposure to negative emotions), infant attention may be a critical mediating factor in the atypical pathway of development of children from low SES environments. The current study aims to examine associations between SES and resting EEG activity longitudinally across the first two years of life, and to examine associations among environmental stress related to SES, attention to emotion, and resting EEG activity in infancy. The second portion of the study aims to examine associations among SES, attention to emotion, functional brain development, environmental factors, and both parental and child stress across early childhood. We will utilize eye tracking to identify infants’ attentional patterns to emotional faces, and EEG and ERPs to measure neural resource allocation at rest and in response to emotional faces in infants and children developing in low SES environments. We will collect mothers’ and children’s hair samples to measure chronic stress in the environment, via cortisol levels. We will also collect variables related to environment, including parent report questionnaires, and a detailed in-home evaluation of parental behavior and home life. The proposed studies will focus on the PI’s training in EEG/ERP methods, stress physiology, and longitudinal statistical approaches to compliment and diversify her methodological and theoretical repertoire. The current proposal includes a well-established group of professionals who will assist and facilitate the training of the PI and her development into an independent researcher. The PIs current placement is ideal for the proposed training, given the unparalleled access to a sample of infants developing in a diverse SES environment, and access to premier research and teaching institutions. This additional training is critical for the PI to transition into an independent researcher who will continue to investigate the impact that developing in a low SES environment can have on brain and cognitive development of children. It is imperative to understand how, and how early, poverty and lack of access to resources impacts the way infants develop socially, cognitively, and neurally. Without greater understanding of these topics, we as a field cannot advance to developing targeted and empirically supported interventions for children growing up socioeconomically disadvantaged. These interventions are critical, given the negative attentional and behavioral outcomes of children from low SES environments.