Longitudinal investigation of the relation between attention, neural functioning and SES in infancy (Supplement)

项目概要/摘要 在社会经济地位低的环境中成长可能会对儿童的注意力和神经产生负面影响 发展。只有少数研究调查了这些问题的发展基础， 一些证据表明，根据 SES，出生时没有神经差异，但存在显着差异 在以后的生活中。重要的是，目前还没有任何工作能够将注意力的关键组成部分整合到情感中。给定 低SES环境中的婴儿所受到的关注（总体上父母的影响减少，以及 更多地接触负面情绪），婴儿注意力可能是非典型途径中的关键中介因素 低社会经济地位环境中儿童的发展。当前的研究旨在检验之间的关联 生命前两年纵向的 SES 和静息脑电图活动，并检查之间的关联 与SES、对情绪的关注和婴儿期静息脑电图活动相关的环境压力。第二部分 该研究旨在探讨社会经济地位、情绪注意力、大脑功能发育、 环境因素以及幼儿期父母和孩子的压力。我们将利用眼动追踪 识别婴儿对情绪面孔的注意力模式，以及脑电图和 ERP 来测量神经资源 在低社会经济地位环境中发育的婴儿和儿童在休息时的分配和对情绪面孔的反应。 我们将收集母亲和儿童的头发样本，通过皮质醇测量环境中的慢性压力 水平。我们还将收集与环境相关的变量，包括家长报告调查问卷和 对父母行为和家庭生活进行详细的家庭评估。拟议的研究将重点关注 PI EEG/ERP 方法、应激生理学和纵向统计方法的培训，以补充和 使她的方法论和理论库多样化。当前的提案包括一个完善的小组 专业人士将协助和促进 PI 的培训及其发展成为独立的 研究员。 PI 目前的安置非常适合拟议的培训，因为他们可以获得无与伦比的机会 在不同的 SES 环境中发育的婴儿样本，以及获得一流研究和教学的机会 机构。这种额外的培训对于 PI 转变为独立研究员至关重要，他将 继续研究在低社会经济地位环境中成长对大脑和认知的影响 儿童的发展。必须了解贫困和缺乏获得服务的机会是如何以及多久发生的 资源影响婴儿的社交、认知和神经发展方式。如果没有更多的了解 这些主题，我们作为一个领域无法推进制定有针对性的、有经验支持的干预措施 在社会经济条件下成长的儿童。鉴于负面影响，这些干预措施至关重要 低社会经济地位环境中儿童的注意力和行为结果。

Project Summary/Abstract Developing in a low SES environment can have negative impacts on children’s attentional and neural development. Only a small number of studies have investigated the developmental foundation of these problems, with some evidence showing no neural differences at birth based on SES, but with marked differences present later in life. Importantly, no work exists that integrates the critical component of attention towards emotion. Given the profile of attention that infants in low SES environments are exposed to (overall lessened parental affect, and greater exposure to negative emotions), infant attention may be a critical mediating factor in the atypical pathway of development of children from low SES environments. The current study aims to examine associations between SES and resting EEG activity longitudinally across the first two years of life, and to examine associations among environmental stress related to SES, attention to emotion, and resting EEG activity in infancy. The second portion of the study aims to examine associations among SES, attention to emotion, functional brain development, environmental factors, and both parental and child stress across early childhood. We will utilize eye tracking to identify infants’ attentional patterns to emotional faces, and EEG and ERPs to measure neural resource allocation at rest and in response to emotional faces in infants and children developing in low SES environments. We will collect mothers’ and children’s hair samples to measure chronic stress in the environment, via cortisol levels. We will also collect variables related to environment, including parent report questionnaires, and a detailed in-home evaluation of parental behavior and home life. The proposed studies will focus on the PI’s training in EEG/ERP methods, stress physiology, and longitudinal statistical approaches to compliment and diversify her methodological and theoretical repertoire. The current proposal includes a well-established group of professionals who will assist and facilitate the training of the PI and her development into an independent researcher. The PIs current placement is ideal for the proposed training, given the unparalleled access to a sample of infants developing in a diverse SES environment, and access to premier research and teaching institutions. This additional training is critical for the PI to transition into an independent researcher who will continue to investigate the impact that developing in a low SES environment can have on brain and cognitive development of children. It is imperative to understand how, and how early, poverty and lack of access to resources impacts the way infants develop socially, cognitively, and neurally. Without greater understanding of these topics, we as a field cannot advance to developing targeted and empirically supported interventions for children growing up socioeconomically disadvantaged. These interventions are critical, given the negative attentional and behavioral outcomes of children from low SES environments.