Longitudinal investigation of the relation between attention, neural functioning and SES in infancy.

项目摘要/摘要 在低SES环境中发展可能会对儿童的注意力和神经产生负面影响 发展。只有少数研究探讨了这些问题的发展基础， 一些证据表明，根据SES，出生时没有神经差异，但存在显著差异 在以后的生活中。重要的是，目前还没有将注意力集中于情绪这一关键因素的研究成果。vt.给出 处于低SES环境中的婴儿的注意状况(总体上减少了父母的影响，以及 更多地暴露在负面情绪中)，婴儿的注意力可能是非典型途径中的关键中介因素 来自低社会经济地位环境的儿童的发展。目前这项研究的目的是检查 在生命的头两年，纵向研究自发性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征和静息脑电活动，并检查两者之间的联系 婴儿期环境应激与SES、注意情绪和静息脑电活动有关。第二部分 这项研究的目的是检查SES、对情绪的关注、大脑功能发育、 环境因素，以及父母和儿童在儿童早期的压力。我们将利用眼球跟踪来 识别婴儿对情绪面孔的注意模式，并用脑电和事件相关电位测量神经资源 在低SES环境中发育的婴儿和儿童在休息时和对情绪面孔的反应中的分配。 我们将收集母亲和儿童的头发样本，通过皮质醇测量环境中的慢性压力 级别。我们还将收集与环境有关的变量，包括家长报告问卷，以及 对父母的行为和家庭生活进行详细的家庭评估。拟议的研究将集中在私人投资者的 接受脑电/事件相关电位方法、压力生理学以及赞美和赞美的纵向统计方法方面的培训 使她的方法论和理论曲目多样化。目前的提议包括一个历史悠久的小组 专业人员将协助和促进PI的培训和她发展成为独立的 研究员。PI当前的安置非常适合拟议的培训，因为有无与伦比的机会获得 在不同的SES环境中发展的婴儿样本，以及获得主要研究和教学的机会 机构。这种额外的培训对于PI转变为独立研究人员至关重要 继续研究在低SES环境中发展对大脑和认知的影响 儿童的发展。必须了解贫穷和缺乏机会是如何以及如何提早实现的。 资源影响婴儿在社会、认知和神经方面的发育方式。如果不能更好地理解 对于这些主题，我们作为一个领域不能前进到制定有针对性的和有经验支持的干预措施 在社会经济上处于不利地位的儿童。考虑到负面影响，这些干预措施至关重要 低SES环境下儿童的注意力和行为结果。

Project Summary/Abstract Developing in a low SES environment can have negative impacts on children’s attentional and neural development. Only a small number of studies have investigated the developmental foundation of these problems, with some evidence showing no neural differences at birth based on SES, but with marked differences present later in life. Importantly, no work exists that integrates the critical component of attention towards emotion. Given the profile of attention that infants in low SES environments are exposed to (overall lessened parental affect, and greater exposure to negative emotions), infant attention may be a critical mediating factor in the atypical pathway of development of children from low SES environments. The current study aims to examine associations between SES and resting EEG activity longitudinally across the first two years of life, and to examine associations among environmental stress related to SES, attention to emotion, and resting EEG activity in infancy. The second portion of the study aims to examine associations among SES, attention to emotion, functional brain development, environmental factors, and both parental and child stress across early childhood. We will utilize eye tracking to identify infants’ attentional patterns to emotional faces, and EEG and ERPs to measure neural resource allocation at rest and in response to emotional faces in infants and children developing in low SES environments. We will collect mothers’ and children’s hair samples to measure chronic stress in the environment, via cortisol levels. We will also collect variables related to environment, including parent report questionnaires, and a detailed in-home evaluation of parental behavior and home life. The proposed studies will focus on the PI’s training in EEG/ERP methods, stress physiology, and longitudinal statistical approaches to compliment and diversify her methodological and theoretical repertoire. The current proposal includes a well-established group of professionals who will assist and facilitate the training of the PI and her development into an independent researcher. The PIs current placement is ideal for the proposed training, given the unparalleled access to a sample of infants developing in a diverse SES environment, and access to premier research and teaching institutions. This additional training is critical for the PI to transition into an independent researcher who will continue to investigate the impact that developing in a low SES environment can have on brain and cognitive development of children. It is imperative to understand how, and how early, poverty and lack of access to resources impacts the way infants develop socially, cognitively, and neurally. Without greater understanding of these topics, we as a field cannot advance to developing targeted and empirically supported interventions for children growing up socioeconomically disadvantaged. These interventions are critical, given the negative attentional and behavioral outcomes of children from low SES environments.