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Mechanisms and Evolutionary Consequences of a Reproduction-Immunity Tradeoff

生殖-免疫权衡的机制和进化后果

基本信息

批准号：
10407974
负责人：
Brian Lazzaro
金额：
$ 12.16万
依托单位：
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-06-01 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10407974
关键词：
Agriculture Animals Automobile Driving Biological Biological Models Complex Conflict (Psychology)Data Direct Costs Drosophila melanogaster Endocrine Environment Equilibrium Female Fertility Genes Genetic Models Genetic Variation Hormonal Human Immune Immune response Immunity Immunosuppression Individual Infection Infrastructure Insect Control Insecta Intervention Investments Juvenile Hormones Kinetics Knowledge Mediating Modeling Natural Selections Organism Output Partner in relationship Performance Phenotype Physiological Physiological Processes Plants Population Process Production Proteins Public Health Regulation Reproduction Resources Role Sampling Series Shapes Signal Transduction System Testing Tissues Transcript Translations Variant Work cost egg experimental study fitness hormonal signals life history novel oocyte quality pleiotropism pressure reproductive response theories trait

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY All organisms must simultaneously balance multiple competing demands on their energetic and physiological resources. This can result in conflict among traits, driving physiological and evolutionary tradeoffs. Defense against infection and reproductive capacity are each under strong natural selection as important contributors to evolutionary fitness, both are energetically demanding, and tradeoffs between the two are nearly universal in plants and animals, including those with public health importance. Yet despite their ubiquity and importance, surprisingly little is known about the mechanistic basis for reproduction-immunity tradeoffs. This shortcoming in knowledge limits inference about the evolutionary process and applies practical limitations on the capacity for interventions to control insect pests in agricultural or public health contexts. The proposed project will use the tractable model insect Drosophila melanogaster to determine mechanisms by which reproductive investment constrains immune performance, exploring the evolutionary implications of the tradeoff and providing rare understanding of how life history tradeoffs arise and are maintained. The project will test of the hormonal theory of pleiotropy, which posits that endocrine signaling can act as a master regulator to shape life history tradeoffs, with a focus on insect Juvenile Hormone (JH). Initial experiments will determine the temporal kinetics of JH signaling in response to mating and the quantitative relationship between JH signal intensity and degree of immune suppression. Subsequent experiments will determine the mechanisms by which JH suppresses immunity, seeking to identify novel regulatory processes, testing a hypothesis that the tradeoff can arise through strain on cellular infrastructure, and determining whether immunosuppression can be decoupled from reproductive investment. Additional experiments will test whether naturally occurring genetic variation in JH signaling determines natural phenotypic variability in the magnitude of the reproduction-immunity tradeoff and whether energetic investment required for reproductive output directly limits the quality of immune defense. The data obtained will comprise an in-depth study of the focal system and will reveal principles that can be generalized across diverse systems.

项目总结