Genetic and Physiological Constraint on Immunity

项目摘要 生理约束是生命的普遍属性。限制的出现是因为生物体 复杂，需要同时执行许多生理过程，通常具有有限的 可以从环境中获取的资源。生理竞争的概念 过程的基础概念的生活史权衡，但很少是机械的基础， 了解生活史限制。拟议的工作是一个正在进行的项目的继续， 细菌感染抗性变异的遗传基础，基因型的机制基础- 免疫中的环境相互作用，以及免疫功能和 在模式昆虫果蝇的繁殖适合度。该项目有两个 目的。第一个目标的具体目标是确定膳食营养如何影响 通过对宿主和微生物生理学的影响来抵抗感染，以及遗传如何 宿主和病原体的变化可能决定饮食环境对感染的影响 结果。第二个目标是了解内分泌信号是如何传递的， 促进生殖投资的同时限制免疫性能，以测试代价 生殖投资作为对免疫力的限制，并确定是否具有传染性， 病原体可以征用用于发育中的卵母细胞的营养物质，并利用它们来促进卵母细胞的发育。 传染性本工作的最终目标是建立一个综合的宿主免疫模型， 可以整合寄主和病原体的遗传变异、生活史限制和竞争生理， 和环境变化来预测感染的结果。

PROJECT SUMMARY Physiological constraint is a ubiquitous property of life. Constraints arise because organisms are complex and need to simultaneously execute many physiological processes, often with limited resources that can be acquired from the environment. The idea of competition among physiological processes underlies the concept of life history tradeoffs, but only rarely is the mechanistic basis for life history constraint understood. The proposed work is continuation of an ongoing project to study the genetic basis for variation in resistance to bacterial infection, the mechanistic basis for genotype- by-environment interactions in immunity, and the life history tradeoff between immune function and reproductive fitness in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. The proposed project has two Aims. The specific objectives of the first Aim are to determine how dietary nutrition impacts resistance to infection through consequences on host and microbial physiology, and how genetic variation in both host and pathogen may determine the impact of dietary environment on infection outcome. The objectives of the second Aim are to understand how endocrine signaling that promotes reproductive investment simultaneously limits immune performance, to test the costliness of reproductive investment as a constraint on immunity, and to determine whether infectious pathogens can commandeer nutrients intended for the developing oocyte and use them to promote infectivity. The ultimate of objective of this work is to develop a synthetic model of host immunity that can integrate host and pathogen genetic variation, life history constraint and competing physiology, and environmental variability to predict the outcome of infection.