Coordinating Research on Emerging Arboviral Threats Encoing the Neotropics (CREATE-NEO)

项目摘要 近几十年来，中美洲和南美洲经历了地方性节肢动物传播病毒的外溢 （虫媒病毒）从野生动物宿主进入人类，新兴虫媒病毒的交换和重组 在该区域内，以前通过疫苗接种或病媒控制控制的虫媒病毒死灰复燃， 新虫媒病毒的传播以及病毒向其他地区的输出。此外，还有很大的 担心新引入的寨卡病毒可能会在美洲重新蔓延到地方性传播周期。 中美洲和南美洲拥有巨大的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物生物多样性，这些物种 携带广泛的虫媒病毒，其在人类中溢出和传播的风险目前尚不清楚。 全球旅行率的增加、新病媒物种的入侵、城市扩张、森林砍伐， 全球气候变化都增加了虫媒病毒进一步出现的风险，公共卫生的崩溃也是如此 委内瑞拉的建筑。 新热带地区新出现虫媒病毒威胁的协调研究（CREATE- NEO）项目将提供一个新热带地区的监测站点网络， 为了预测和对抗新出现的虫媒病毒，目标1将确定新的和已知的 虫媒病毒以及维持这些病毒在新热带区传播的宿主-载体网络， 绘制这些传播网络的空间分布图，并描述病毒在 这些网络。为了做到这一点，我们将收集蚊子和其他载体以及非人类灵长类动物和其他 在巴拿马和巴西生物多样性高和多样性地区的多个地点的脊椎动物宿主，并筛选这些 已知和新型虫媒病毒的样品。然后，这些数据将使用利基建模，机器 学习预测未被发现的宿主和媒介，以及动态传播模型。目标2将侧重于 人类感染和疾病的前瞻性和回顾性分析。为此，我们将利用正在进行的 在巴西和巴拿马的多个地点进行的人类临床队列研究。我们将扩大和扩大这些队列， 特别侧重于免疫介导的多虫媒病毒之间的相互作用在网站的hyperendemicity。 我们还将开发新的诊断方法，以捕获已知的和新的虫媒病毒，并模拟人类感染的影响。 以及非人灵长类动物运动对靶虫媒病毒溢出和回溢的影响。 通过这两个目标产生的数据和模型将预警地方、区域和全球公共卫生 中美洲和南美洲的虫媒病毒机构，造成特别高的溢出风险，出现 人类之间的传播和/或国际传播。此外，CREATE-NEO将建立本地能力 在虫媒病毒的起源地预测、检测和应对新出现的虫媒病毒，从而最大限度地发挥 以避免全面爆发

Project Summary In recent decades, Central and South America have experienced spillover of endemic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) from wildlife reservoirs into humans, exchange and recombination of emerging arboviruses within the region, resurgence of arboviruses previously controlled by vaccination or vector control, introduction and spread of novel arboviruses, and exportation of viruses to other regions. Furthermore, there is great concern that newly-introduced Zika virus may spill back into an enzootic transmission cycle in the Americas. Central and South America encompass enormous vertebrate and invertebrate biodiversity, and these species harbor a broad range of arboviruses whose risk of spillover and spread in humans is presently unknown. Increases in the rates of global travel, invasion of novel vector species, urban expansion, deforestation, and global climate change all elevate the risk of further arbovirus emergence, as does the breakdown of public health structures in Venezuela. The Coordinating Research on Emerging Arboviral Threats Encompassing the Neotropics (CREATE- NEO) project will provide a network of surveillance sites in the neotropics coupled to cutting-edge modeling approaches in order to anticipate and counter emerging arboviruses. Aim 1 will identify novel and known arboviruses as well as the host-vector networks that sustain transmission of these viruses within the neotropics, map the spatial distribution of these transmission networks, and characterize virus transmission dynamics within these networks. To do so, we will collect mosquitoes and other vectors as well as non-human primates and other vertebrate hosts at multiple sites in areas of high and varied biodiversity in Panama and Brazil and screen these samples for known and novel arboviruses. These data will then be analyzed using niche modeling, machine learning to predict undiscovered hosts and vectors, and dynamical transmission models. Aim 2 will focus on prospective and retrospective analysis of human infection and disease. To do so, we will leverage ongoing human clinical cohorts at multiple sites in Brazil and Panama. We will extend and expand these cohorts, with a particular focus on the immune-mediated interactions among multiple arboviruses at sites of hyperendemicity. We will also develop novel diagnostics to capture known and novel arboviruses and model the impact of human and non-human primate movement on spillover and spillback of target arboviruses. Data and models generated via these two aims will forewarn local, regional and global public health agencies of arboviruses within Central and South America that pose particularly high risk of spillover, emergence into transmission among humans, and/or international spread. Moreover CREATE-NEO will build local capacity to predict, detect and respond to emerging arboviruses at their point of origin, thereby maximizing the potential to avert full-blown emergence.