Examining Validity and Sensitivity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy as a measure of fruit and vegetable consumption in a diverse community

项目摘要/摘要 富含水果和蔬菜(F&V)的饮食与较低的营养相关慢性病风险和 全因死亡。尽管有这些好处，美国人对F&V的消费不足，特别是低 弱势人群的摄入量。低F&V摄入量会导致较高的营养相关慢性病发病率 在弱势群体中，与更有利的人群相比。检测和 需要解决这些人群中F&V摄入量不足的问题，以减少这种差距。然而，仍然有 没有常用的预测性、客观的F&V摄入量指标来监测或确定政策或 干预效果。目前的目标，F&V摄入量的“金标准”标记物是血液中的类胡萝卜素 注意力--一种昂贵、耗时和侵入性的测量方法。传统的自我报告方法 饮食评估不准确，并因以下原因而降低了对农村和弱势群体的效用 识字率、算术能力和互联网连接能力都很低。在过去的十年中，皮肤类胡萝卜素的状况由非 有创共振拉曼光谱(RRS)已成为F&V摄入量的一种很有前途的生物标志物。 反射光谱(RS)是对反射光谱的改进，提供了更强的信号，更快的数据采集， 在商业设备(Veggie Meter、Longevity Link Corporation)中提供更好的便携性。 然而，一个障碍阻碍了RS的广泛使用：到目前为止，几乎所有的非侵入性皮肤 类胡萝卜素已经在非西班牙裔白人中进行了验证，主要是通过RRS。因此，至关重要的是 评估种族和民族多样性人群中的RS。这项提案的中心目标是审查 RS-评估皮肤类胡萝卜素状态作为F&V摄入的种族和性别的标志的有效性和敏感性 不同种族的个体样本。首先，我们将检查以下各项之间的关联(RS设备有效性 RS-评估皮肤类胡萝卜素和客观测量的血浆类胡萝卜素和 在四个不同的群体中自我报告的F&V消费：非裔美国人/黑人、亚洲人、白人和 西班牙裔/拉丁裔(n=80人/组，每个州40人/组，N=320人)。然后我们将进行随机对照试验 为了定义不同种族群体之间的相对皮肤类胡萝卜素反应(RS设备敏感性)，在 与血浆类胡萝卜素反应进行比较。我们将进行一项为期8周的随机对照试验 含类胡萝卜素果汁干预[安慰剂对照，低(12盎司)。和高(24盎司)剂量果汁(29.7毫克 类胡萝卜素或~1.1 C蔬菜当量)/12盎司。]在4个基因分层的种族-民族群体中(n= 30个/组*治疗，N=360)。最后，我们将调查种族/民族差异的遗传基础。 通过AIMS 1和AIMS参与者的假说驱动基因组分析皮肤类胡萝卜素对饮食的反应 2.这项研究的结果将为RS在人口监测研究中的大规模部署和 基于社区的干预试验，最终导致更准确地确定最有效的 减少与美国及其他地区低F&V摄入量相关的健康差距的战略。

Project Summary/ Abstract A diet rich in fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) is associated with lower risk of nutrition-related chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. Despite these benefits, the US population under-consumes F&Vs, with particularly low intake in disadvantaged populations. Low F&V intake results in higher rates of nutrition-related chronic disease among disadvantaged populations when compared with more advantaged populations. Detecting and addressing inadequate F&V intake in these populations is needed to reduce such disparities. Yet, there is still no commonly used predictive, objective measure of F&V intake for surveillance or determination of policy or intervention effectiveness. The current objective, “gold standard” marker of F&V intake is blood carotenoid concentration—an expensive, time-intensive, and invasive measurement. Traditional methods of self-reported dietary assessment are imprecise and have diminished utility in rural and disadvantaged populations due to low literacy, numeracy, and internet connectivity. In the past decade, skin carotenoid status assessed by non- invasive resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) has emerged as a promising biomarker of F&V intake. Reflection spectroscopy (RS) is an improvement over RRS, offering stronger signals, faster data acquisition, and greater portability in a commercially available device (Veggie Meter, Longevity Link Corporation). However, a hurdle impedes deployment of RS for widespread use: to date, nearly all of the non-invasive skin carotenoid validation has been conducted in non-Hispanic whites, primarily by RRS. Therefore, it is critical to evaluate RS in racially and ethnically diverse populations. The central goal of this proposal is to examine validity and sensitivity of RS-assessed skin carotenoid status as a marker of F&V intake in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of individuals. First, we will examine the association (RS Device Validity) between RS-assessed skin carotenoids and the primary outcomes of objectively-measured plasma carotenoids and self-reported F&V consumption across four diverse groups: African-American/Black, Asian, White, and Hispanic/Latino (n=80/group, 40/group per state, N = 320). Then we will conduct a randomized controlled trial to define the relative skin carotenoid responses (RS Device Sensitivity) across racial-ethnic groups, in comparison with plasma carotenoid responses. We will conduct an 8-week randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice intervention [placebo control, low (12 oz.) and high (24 oz.) dose juice (29.7 mg carotenoids or ~1.1 c vegetable equivalents)/12 oz.] across 4 genetically-stratified racial-ethnic groups (n = 30/group*treatment, N = 360). Finally, we will investigate the genetic basis for racial/ethnic group differences in skin carotenoid responses to diet through hypothesis-driven genomic analysis of participants from Aims 1 and 2. The results of this study will prepare RS for mass deployment in population surveillance studies and community-based intervention trials, ultimately leading to more accurate determination of the most effective strategies to reduce health disparities related to low F&V intake in the United States and beyond.