Scientific Project 1: Malaria Immune Responses to Pre-erythrocytic Malaria Vaccination or Infection

科学项目1：对红细胞前疟疾疫苗接种或感染的免疫反应 摘要 该项目将确定和表征人类对前红细胞免疫反应的关键特征。 (E)恶性疟疾感染和疫苗接种，以此阶段为目标，重点关注相关反应 具有保护性或感染性。我们假设，受保护的和未受保护的和受感染的受试者的反应 将确定相关的免疫成分和过程。我们将使用补充免疫学 天然免疫和获得性免疫中的分析和系统免疫学方法及其反应特征 以确定与保护或感染相关的细胞和体液反应。我们将：1. 定义早期先天反应的细胞和可溶性介质，并检验先天反应的假设 变异会影响适应性反应，并预测保护性免疫的发展。我们还将分析 既往接触疟疾对疫苗效力的影响。2.定义刺激和时间规划 疫苗诱导的保护性适应性免疫细胞，重点是刺激、信号和编程 T和B细胞以及哪些途径导致保护性表型。我们假设关键信号和 成熟途径导致保护性适应性免疫。抗原受体使用的细节，细胞谱系， 转录编程和表型变化将与先天信号事件相结合，以定义 在免疫期间通过召回和成熟来引导细胞的事件。3.连接保护性表型 用适应性免疫功能活性识别细胞和体液的功能特征 与保护相关的反应。抗原特异性反应性T细胞反应将通过分析 细胞学、功能性、单细胞测序和多组学方法。B函数将由以下人员分析 血清和单抗的深度多参数分析。这将确定关键的功能特征 与免疫保护相关的细胞群体和抗体。细胞表型和细胞表型的整合 多个免疫隔间的功能活动将使我们深入了解免疫特征和过程 确定了对疟疾疫苗的保护性反应，并提供了指导疫苗开发的基准。 总体而言，我们对疟疾疫苗试验样本的综合免疫学和系统生物学分析将 在接种疫苗后的关键阶段确定与预防疾病相关的免疫特征 疟疾或由其感染引起的疟疾，并增进对影响儿童发展的因素的了解 保护性免疫反应。

Scientific Project 1: Immune Responses to Pre-erythrocytic Malaria Vaccination or Infection Abstract This project will identify and characterize key characteristics of human immune responses to the pre-erythrocytic (PE) falciparum malaria infection and vaccination that targets this stage with a focus on responses that correlate with protection or infection. We hypothesize that responses by protected vs. not protected, and infected subjects will identify the relevant immune constituents and processes. We will use complementary immunological analyses and systems immunology approaches and characterize responses in the innate and adaptive immune compartments to identify cellular and humoral responses that correlate with protection or infection. We will: 1. Define cellular and soluble mediators of early innate responses and test the hypothesis that innate response variations affect adaptive responses and are predictive of protective immunity development. We will also analyze the influence of prior malaria exposure on vaccine efficacy. 2. Define the stimulation and temporal programming of vaccine-elicited protective adaptive immune cells with a focus on the stimulation, signaling, and programming of T and B cells and which pathways lead to protective phenotypes. We hypothesize that key signaling and maturation pathways lead to protective adaptive immunity. Details of antigen receptor usage, cell lineages, transcriptional programming, and phenotypic changes will be integrated with innate signaling events to define events that shepherd cells through recall and maturation during immunization. 3. Connect protective phenotypes with adaptive immune functional activity to identify functional characteristics of cellular and humoral responses that correlate with protection. Antigen specific reactive T cell responses will be analyzed by cytometric, functional, single-cell sequencing, and multi-omics methods. B functions will be analyzed by deep multi-parametric analysis of sera and monoclonal antibodies. This will identify key functional characteristics of cell populations and antibodies that are associated with immune protection. Integration of cell phenotypes and functional activities of multiple immune compartments will give insights into immune signatures and processes that define protective responses to malaria vaccines and provide benchmarks to guide vaccine development. Overall, our integrated immunological and systems biology analyses of samples from malaria vaccine trials will identify immune signatures during critical stages following vaccination which correlate with protection against malaria or result from its infection and advance understanding of factors that impact development of elicited protective immune responses.