Targeting alpha-cell GPCRs to stimulate glucagon and counter hypoglycemia

靶向 α 细胞 GPCR 刺激胰高血糖素并对抗低血糖

• 批准号: 10427574
• 负责人: Kimberley M El
• 金额: $ 10.72万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-09-30 至 2027-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10427574
• 关键词: Acute; Adrenal Glands; Agonist; Alanine; Alpha Cell; Amino Acids; Arginine; Automobile Driving; Awareness; Biological Assay; Biology; Blood Glucose; Brain; Carbohydrates; Carbon; Catecholamines; Cell physiology; Cell secretion; Cells; Clinical; Cognition; Complex; Complication; Dangerousness; Diabetes Mellitus; Dose; Drops; Emergency Situation; Emergency treatment; Energy-Generating Resources; Etiology; Exposure to; Foundations; Functional disorder; G-Protein-Coupled Receptors; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide; Generations; Glass; Glucagon; Glucose; Hepatic; Human; Hydrocortisone; Hypoglycemia; Impairment; Ingestion; Insulin; Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Label; Lead; Life; Measures; Metabolic; Metabolism; Methods; Modeling; Molecular; Mus; Neurons; Non obese; Pathway interactions; Patients; Persons; Physiological; Physiology; Research Personnel; Schedule; Serious Adverse Event; Stimulus; Strenuous Exercise; Streptozocin; System; Technical Expertise; Testing; Therapeutic; Variant; Wine; Work; base; career; counterregulation; design; diabetic; effective therapy; effectiveness evaluation; gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor; glucose output; glycemic control; in vivo; insight; insulin secretion; islet; mouse model; novel; novel strategies; prevent; response; side effect

PROJECT SUMMARY Hypoglycemia is a dangerous complication of exogenous insulin therapy in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) that is treated by exogenous glucagon secretion. However, the use of exogenous glucagon has its own side effects and can be complicated to administer in an emergency situation. As an alternative, stimuli that lead to robust endogenous glucagon secretion could be effective to counter severe hypoglycemia. Glucagon secretion can be stimulated by amino acids, like alanine and arginine, as well as by glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). Remarkably, we found that while alanine or GIP alone induce modest increases in glucagon secretion, the combination of alanine and GIP synergistically increase glucagon secretion in both isolated mouse and human islets, as well as mice in vivo. A better understanding of the physiology of this glucagon and the mechanism of its release is needed to determine if stimulating endogenous glucagon can treat hypoglycemia in T1D. We hypothesize that endogenous -cell stimuli, such as GIP + alanine, can counter insulin-induced hypoglycemia. The aims of this project are designed to elucidate whether -cell stimuli can mitigate severe hypoglycemia, how the effects of -cell stimulation are changed in T1D, and what is the mechanism that alanine stimulates the - cell to secrete glucagon. Successful completion of this project will enhance our understanding of the -cell and provide insight for the basis of therapeutics for hypoglycemia or insulin co-therapies. In addition, the aims will broaden the Candidate’s technical expertise and develop conceptual understanding of -cell physiology that will provide a foundation for a career as an independent investigator.

项目摘要 低血糖是1型糖尿病（T1D）中外源胰岛素治疗的危险并发症 通过外源胰高血糖素的分泌。但是，使用外源胰高血糖素有其自身的副作用，可以 在紧急情况下进行管理很复杂。作为替代方案，导致内源性强大的刺激 胰高血糖素的分泌可能有效抵抗严重的低血糖症。胰高血糖素的分泌可以被 氨基酸，例如丙氨酸和精氨酸，以及依赖葡萄糖的胰岛素胡椒（GIP）。 值得注意的是，我们发现，尽管丙氨酸或GIP单独诱导胰高血糖素分泌的适度增加，但 丙氨酸和GIP的结合在分离的小鼠和人类中协同增加胰高血糖素的分泌 胰岛以及体内小鼠。更好地理解这种胰高血糖素的生理学和机制 需要释放以确定刺激的内源性胰高血糖素是否可以治疗T1D中的低血糖症。我们 假设内源性细胞刺激（例如GIP +丙氨酸）可以抵抗胰岛素诱导的低血糖。 该项目的目的旨在阐明细胞刺激是否可以减轻严重的低血糖症，如何如何 t1d中细胞刺激的作用发生了变化，丙氨酸刺激-的机制是什么 细胞到秘密胶。成功完成该项目将增强我们对细胞的理解 提供有关低血糖或胰岛素共同治疗疗法的洞察力。此外，目标将 扩大候选人的技术专业知识，并对细胞生理的概念理解，这将 为作为独立调查员的职业奠定了基础。