Otolaryngology Training in Immunology, Virology and Molecular Biology

项目概要/摘要 临床科学家的教育对耳鼻喉科领域至关重要。需要 科学和医学之间的接口，重视科学研究的临床医生的重要性，以及 越来越多的重要性，循证医学在卫生保健都主张研究培训， 医生此外，免疫机制在许多耳鼻喉疾病中的影响已经得到了证实。 在过去的十年中，随着免疫/炎症治疗在我们领域的增加，人们的关注增加。 免疫疗法已被证明对几种形式的癌症非常有效。然而，耳鼻喉科仍然 在免疫学研究方面落后于许多其他医学领域。例如，先天免疫领域 由病原体受体介导的免疫应答在更广泛的免疫学领域中已经有了显著的扩展， 在过去20年中，头部和颈部是感染性疾病的主要病原体界面。 然而，只有在过去的几年里，我们的领域才看到先天免疫研究的增加。 分子方法的可用性已经改变了免疫学和其他免疫学领域的研究。 生物医学、分子治疗正在积极发展，基因组医学时代已经到来。 因此，需要在分子生物学方面训练有素的临床科学家。最后，研究病毒 疾病在当前是最重要的。在过去的30年里，UCSD耳鼻喉科 扩大了免疫学、病毒学和分子学研究，培养了一批科学家。 这些研究人员为希望追求这些领域的临床医生提供了一个肥沃的训练基地。 研究，为耳鼻喉提供训练有素的临床科学家。我们建议继续我们的临床科学家 R25机制下的驻地研究培训计划。我们的计划解决了主要障碍， 临床医生通过提供以下方面的培训进行研究：1）实验设计和科学技术; 2）研究 合作和团队建设; 3）赠款和科学手稿写作; 4）管理之间的冲突 临床工作和研究; 5）为学术医学做准备。该计划的受训人员将是 从希望在耳鼻喉科期间进行18个月研究培训的医学博士中选出 住院医师，包括R25年和嵌入临床研究培训的额外时间 训练将积极寻求来自任职人数不足群体的受训人员。学员将获得先进的 基础科学，转化或临床研究培训，应用先进的免疫学，病毒学 和分子生物学方法来研究NIDCD竞技场内的问题。研究培训将扩大 在整个住院期间，以提供连续性，避免重大的培训缺口。学员还将获得 研究伦理学指导，确保数据质量和再现性的方法，负责任的行为 研究，并准备初步审查委员会的申请。最后，我们将鼓励选择 职业生涯，包括研究与特定的教育。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The education of clinician-scientists is of paramount importance to the field of Otolaryngology. The need for interfaces between science and medicine, the importance of clinicians that value scientific research, and the increased importance of evidence-based medicine in health care all argue for research training of physicians. Moreover, the impact of immunological mechanisms in many ENT diseases has received increased attention in the past decade, with an increase immune/inflammatory therapeutics in our field. Immunotherapy has proven to be highly effective in several forms of cancer. Yet Otolaryngology remains behind many other areas of medicine in immunology research. As an example, the area of innate immunity mediated by pathogen receptors has seen a dramatic expansion in the broader field of immunology and infectious diseases over the past 20 years, and the head and neck represent a major pathogen interface. However, only within the last few years has an increase in innate immune research been seen in our field. The availability of molecular methods has transformed research in immunology and other areas of biomedicine, molecular therapies are in active development, and the era of genomic medicine has arrived. Clinician-scientists well trained in molecular biology are therefore needed. Finally, research into viral diseases could not be more relevant at the current time. Over the past 30 years, UCSD Otolaryngology has expanded its immunology, virology and molecular research, resulting in an established cadre of scientists. These investigators provide a fertile training ground for clinicians who wish to pursue these arenas of research, to provide ENT with well-trained clinician-scientists. We propose to continue our clinician-scientist resident research training program under the R25 mechanism. Our program addresses the major barriers to research by clinicians by providing training in: 1) experimental design and scientific techniques; 2) research collaboration and teambuilding; 3) grant and scientific manuscript writing; 4) managing the conflict between clinical work and research; and 5) preparation for academic medicine. The trainees for this program will be selected from MD's who wish to pursue eighteen months of research training during their Otolaryngology residency, consisting of the R25 year and additional periods of research training embedded in clinical training. Trainees from underrepresented groups will be actively sought. Trainees will receive advanced basic science, translational or clinical research training in the application of advanced immunology, virology and molecular biology methods to research problems within the NIDCD arena. Research training will extend throughout residency, to provide continuity and avoid a significant training gap. Trainees will also receive instruction in research ethics, methods to ensure data quality and reproducibility, responsible conduct of research, and the preparation of initial review board applications. Finally, we will encourage choice of a career including research with specific education.