Otolaryngology Training in Immunology, Virology and Molecular Biology

项目摘要/摘要 临床科学家的教育对耳鼻咽喉科学领域至关重要。需要 科学和医学之间的接口，重视科学研究的临床医生的重要性，以及 循证医学在医疗保健中的重要性增加都要求对 医生。此外，免疫机制在许多耳鼻喉科疾病中的影响也受到了 在过去的十年中，随着免疫/炎症疗法在我们的领域中的增加，人们的注意力增加了。 免疫疗法已被证明对几种形式的癌症非常有效。然而，耳鼻咽喉科仍然 在免疫学研究中落后于许多其他医学领域。例如，先天免疫的领域 病原体受体介导的免疫学在更广泛的领域得到了戏剧性的扩展 在过去的20年里，传染病和头部和颈部是一个主要的病原体接口。 然而，直到最近几年，我们这个领域的先天免疫研究才有所增加。 分子方法的出现改变了免疫学和其他领域的研究。 生物医学、分子疗法正在积极发展，基因组医学时代已经到来。 因此需要在分子生物学方面训练有素的临床医生和科学家。最后，对病毒的研究 目前，疾病的相关性再大不过了。在过去的30年里，加州大学圣地亚哥分校的耳鼻喉科 扩大了免疫学、病毒学和分子研究，形成了一支成熟的科学家队伍。 这些研究人员为希望从事这些领域的临床医生提供了肥沃的培训场地 研究，为耳鼻喉科提供训练有素的临床医生-科学家。我们建议继续我们的临床医生-科学家 R25机制下的住院医师研究培训计划。我们的计划解决了以下主要障碍 临床医生通过提供以下方面的培训进行研究：1)实验设计和科学技术；2)研究 合作和团队建设；3)资助和科学稿件写作；4)处理 临床工作和研究；5)学术医学准备。该项目的实习生将是 从希望在耳鼻喉科期间接受18个月研究培训的MD中挑选出来 住院医师，包括R25年和嵌入临床的额外研究培训周期 训练。将积极寻找来自代表性不足群体的受训人员。实习生将获得高级 高级免疫学、病毒学应用方面的基础科学、翻译或临床研究培训 以及分子生物学方法来研究NIDCD领域内的问题。研究培训将延长 在整个驻院期间，提供连续性并避免显著的培训缺口。学员还将获得 指导研究伦理，确保数据质量和重复性的方法，负责任的行为 研究，并准备初步审查委员会的申请。最后，我们将鼓励选择一种 职业生涯，包括具有特定教育背景的研究。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The education of clinician-scientists is of paramount importance to the field of Otolaryngology. The need for interfaces between science and medicine, the importance of clinicians that value scientific research, and the increased importance of evidence-based medicine in health care all argue for research training of physicians. Moreover, the impact of immunological mechanisms in many ENT diseases has received increased attention in the past decade, with an increase immune/inflammatory therapeutics in our field. Immunotherapy has proven to be highly effective in several forms of cancer. Yet Otolaryngology remains behind many other areas of medicine in immunology research. As an example, the area of innate immunity mediated by pathogen receptors has seen a dramatic expansion in the broader field of immunology and infectious diseases over the past 20 years, and the head and neck represent a major pathogen interface. However, only within the last few years has an increase in innate immune research been seen in our field. The availability of molecular methods has transformed research in immunology and other areas of biomedicine, molecular therapies are in active development, and the era of genomic medicine has arrived. Clinician-scientists well trained in molecular biology are therefore needed. Finally, research into viral diseases could not be more relevant at the current time. Over the past 30 years, UCSD Otolaryngology has expanded its immunology, virology and molecular research, resulting in an established cadre of scientists. These investigators provide a fertile training ground for clinicians who wish to pursue these arenas of research, to provide ENT with well-trained clinician-scientists. We propose to continue our clinician-scientist resident research training program under the R25 mechanism. Our program addresses the major barriers to research by clinicians by providing training in: 1) experimental design and scientific techniques; 2) research collaboration and teambuilding; 3) grant and scientific manuscript writing; 4) managing the conflict between clinical work and research; and 5) preparation for academic medicine. The trainees for this program will be selected from MD's who wish to pursue eighteen months of research training during their Otolaryngology residency, consisting of the R25 year and additional periods of research training embedded in clinical training. Trainees from underrepresented groups will be actively sought. Trainees will receive advanced basic science, translational or clinical research training in the application of advanced immunology, virology and molecular biology methods to research problems within the NIDCD arena. Research training will extend throughout residency, to provide continuity and avoid a significant training gap. Trainees will also receive instruction in research ethics, methods to ensure data quality and reproducibility, responsible conduct of research, and the preparation of initial review board applications. Finally, we will encourage choice of a career including research with specific education.